The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution
From Farm to Factory
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Pre-Industrial Society

• Farming Cottage Industry
• Inefficient land use
• Not enough food to feed population
• Products made in cottages
• Merchants supplied materials (wool/cotton)
• Took supplies from cottage to cottage
• Sell final product in towns

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Cottage Industry
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Cottage Industry Example Textiles
What do you think are some problems with the
cottage industry?
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Changes to Production

• Agricultural Revolution
• New methods of farming more food with less
  workers
• Population grows (why?)
• Peasants lose jobs (why?)

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Changes to Production

• Increased Demand for textiles (why?)
• Agricultural Revolution led to larger population
• Cottages couldnt keep up with demand
• Machines invented (to make products more
  quickly)
• spinning jenny
• power loom
• cotton gin

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• Rise of the Factory
• New machines are too big for cottage
• Needed one large building to house machines
  workers rise of the factory
• Early factories were dependent upon water power
  (water mills)
• Had to build factories near power source (why a
  problem?)
• Started in the textile industry

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• Effects of Textile Factories
• Mass produced goods lower prices
• Demand increases (because of low prices) need
  for more factories
• Farmers move to work in factories (why are they
  not farming?)
• Factories grew and required more power led to
  invention of steam power

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Energy for the Industrial RevolutionSteam Engine

• How the steam engine works
• Steam is forced from high to low pressure,
  produces power

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• Effects of the steam engine
• Requires enormous amounts of coal (to fuel steam
  engine)
• Requires iron for tools, machinery,
  transportation
• No longer dependent upon water power
• Increases textile production leads to new
  inventions in various industries
• Examples
• Bessemer Process
• Improved Transportation

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Invention of the Bessemer Process turns iron
into steel (Why is this important?)
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Changes in Transportation

• The need for better transportation
• Need to get goods to from factories (quickly
  cheaply)
• Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules dirt
  roads

Why is this a problem?
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• Inventions
• Stone asphalt roads
• Improved Canals
• Railroad era The Rocket 1829

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Example of a pre-industrial canal in England
Example of a more modern canal in England
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• Effects of Industrialization on Transportation
• Steamships Trains
• Cheaper transportation increased production,
  trade, and profits
• England had the most powerful navy in the world
• fueled other industries
• Coal
• Steam engines
• Iron
• Steel
• Manufactured products

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Britain Leads the Revolution

• Britain was the 1st to industrialize because
  they had all the ingredients to do so.

• Labor supply high of able workers
• Farmers forced to leave farms for work
  (agricultural revolution)
• Natural resources
• Britain produced more iron coal than all other
  countries of the world combined
• Had colonies to provide needed materials (like
  cotton)
• Investment capital
• Wealthy class can invest in industries

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• Entrepreneurs
• People willing to risk money to start a new
  business
• Transportation
• Existing harbors basic canal system
• Large merchant fleet navy
• Markets
• Colonies to sell goods to
• New jobs money to spend on factory goods
• Government support
• Encouraged entrepreneurs
• Laws to protect businesses help them expand