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Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior

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Title: Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior


1
Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior
  • Charles T. Blair-Broeker
  • Randal M. Ernst

2
The Brain
  • Module 08

3
Phineas Gage
  • Play The Frontal Lobes and Behavior The Story
    of Phineas Gage (1203) Module 25 from The
    Brain Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

4
Lower-Level Brain Structures The Brainstem
  • Module 8 The Brain

5
Brainstem
  • The oldest part of the brain
  • Is responsible for automatic survival functions
  • Located where the spinal cord swells and the
    brain just begins

6
Medulla
  • The base of the brainstem
  • Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat
    and breathing
  • Damage to this area can lead to death.

7
Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2h from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

8
Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2i from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

9
Reticular Formation
  • A nerve network extending up and down the spinal
    cord into the brain
  • Controls an organisms level of alertness
  • Damage to this area can cause a coma.

10
Lower-Level Brain Structures The Thalamus
  • Module 8 The Brain

11
Thalamus
  • Sits atop the brainstem
  • The brains sensory switchboard -- directs
    messages to the sensory receiving areas in the
    cortex
  • Thalamus is Greek for inner chamber.

12
Brain Structures - Thalamus
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2a from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

13
Brain Structures - Thalamus
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2b from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

14
Lower-Level Brain Structures The Cerebellum
  • Module 8 The Brain

15
Cerebellum
  • Latin for the little brain
  • Located in the rear of the brain
  • Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance
  • If damaged, the person could perform basic
    movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

16
Brain Structures - Cerebellum
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2j from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

17
Brain Structures - Cerebellum
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2k from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

18
Lower-Level Brain Structures The Limbic System
  • Module 8 The Brain

19
Limbic System
  • A ring of structures around the thalamus at the
    border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
  • Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger,
    and thirst
  • Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and
    amygdala

20
Brain Structures Limbic System
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2g from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

21
Hypothalamus
  • Located directly under the front of the thalamus
  • Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature, and
    the fight or flight reactions to stress
  • Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual
    function

22
(No Transcript)
23
Hypothalamus and Aggression
  • Play Aggression, Violence, and the Brain (717)
    Module 24 from The Brain Teaching Modules (2nd
    edition).

24
Hippocampus
  • Wraps around the back of the thalamus
  • Plays a role in processing new memories for
    permanent storage
  • Looks something like a seahorse
  • Hippo is Greek for horse.

25
(No Transcript)
26
Amygdala
  • Two almond shaped structures
  • Controls emotional responses such as fear and
    anger

27
(No Transcript)
28
Brain Structures Lower Brain
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2l from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

29
Brain Structures Lower Brain
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2m from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

30
The Cerebral Cortex
  • Module 8 The Brain

31
Cerebral Cortex
  • The bodys ultimate control and information
    processing center
  • Covers the brains lower level structures
  • Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells
  • Divided into four lobes

32
Corpus Callosum
  • The large band of neural fibers that connects the
    two brain hemispheres and carries messages
    between them
  • Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures

33
Corpus Callosum
  • Play Severed Corpus Callosum (1000) Segment 7
    from Scientific American Frontiers Video
    Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd
    edition).

34
Longitudinal Fissure
  • The crevice that divides the brain into two
    halves or hemispheres
  • This and other fissures in the brain create major
    divisions in the brain called lobes

35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
Frontal Lobes
  • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just
    behind the forehead
  • Is involved in making plans and judgments

38
(No Transcript)
39
The Frontal Lobe
  • Play The Frontal Lobes Cognition and Awareness
    (905) Segment 7 from The Mind Psychology
    Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

40
Parietal Lobes
  • Regions available for general processing,
    including mathematical reasoning
  • Designated as the association lobes
  • Behind the frontal lobes

41
(No Transcript)
42
Occipital Lobe
  • The primary visual processing area
  • Located in the back of the head

43
(No Transcript)
44
Temporal Lobes
  • Includes the auditory cortex where sound
    information is processed
  • Located roughly above the ears

45
(No Transcript)
46
Brain Structures Cerebral Cortex
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2c from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

47
Brain Structures Cerebral Cortex
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2d from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

48
Brain Structures Cerebral Cortex
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2e from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

49
Brain Structures Cerebral Cortex
  • Insert Brain Structures Video 2f from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

50
Motor Cortex
  • Area at the rear of the frontal lobes
  • Controls voluntary movement
  • Different parts of the cortex control different
    parts of the body.
  • The motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls
    the right side of the body and visa versa.

51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
Somatosensory Cortex
  • Located in the front of the parietal lobes
  • Registers and processes body senses
  • Soma is Greek for body.

54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
Motor and Sensory Cortex
  • Play Image-Guided Surgery (1307) Segment 6
    from Scientific American Frontiers Video
    Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd
    edition).

57
Hemispheric Differences
  • Module 8 The Brain

58
Hemispheric Differences
  • Left-brained and right-brained debunked
  • Brain is divided into two hemispheres but works
    as a single entity.
  • Both sides continually communicate via the corpus
    callosum, except in those with split brains.

59
Split Brain Patient
  • Play The Divided Brain (646) Module 5 from
    The Brain Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

60
Hemispheric Differences Language and Spatial
Abilities
  • Module 8 The Brain

61
The Brains Left Hemisphere
  • For most people, language functions are in the
    left hemisphere.
  • For a small percentage of people, language
    functions are in the right hemisphere.

62
Brocas Area
  • Located in the frontal lobe and usually in the
    left hemisphere
  • Responsible for the muscle movements of speech
  • If damaged the person can form the ideas but
    cannot express them as speech

63
PET Scan of Brocas Area
64
(No Transcript)
65
Language and the Brain
  • Play Language Centers in the Brain (339)
    Segment 16 from Psychology The Human
    Experience.

66
Wernickes Area
  • Located in the temporal lobe
  • Involved in language comprehension and
    expression our ability to understand what is
    said to us
  • Usually in the left temporal lobe

67
(No Transcript)
68
PET Scan of Wernickes Area
69
The Brains Right Hemisphere
  • Houses the brains spatial abilities
  • Our spatial ability allows us to perceive or
    organize things in a given space, judge distance,
    etc.
  • Helps in making connections between words

70
Brocas and Wernickes Areas
  • Play Language and Speech Brocas and Wernickes
    Areas (744) Module 6 from The Brain Teaching
    Modules (2nd edition).

71
Brain Specialization
  • Insert Brain Imaging Video 2b from Worths
    Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
  • Instructions for importing the video file can be
    found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

72
Brain Plasticity
  • Module 8 The Brain

73
Plasticity
  • The ability of the brain tissue to take on new
    functions
  • Greatest in childhood
  • Important if parts of the brain are damaged or
    destroyed

74
Brain Plasticity
  • If desired, play A Case Study of Brain Damage
    (518) Segment 4 from Psychology The Human
    Experience. This clip provides an introduction
    for segment 5 on Brain Plasticity.
  • Play Brain Plasticity (621) Segment 5 from
    Psychology The Human Experience.

75
Brain Plasticity
  • Play Brain Anomaly and Plasticity
    Hydrocephalus (702) Module 7 from The Brain
    Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

76
The End
77
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78
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