Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior

1
Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior

• Charles T. Blair-Broeker
• Randal M. Ernst

2
Introduction, History, and Research Methods

• Chapter 01

3
Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers

• Module 01

4
Introduction

• Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
  and Careers

5
Psychology

• The scientific study of behavior and mental
  processes.
• Uses scientific research methods.
• Behavior includes all observable behavior.
• Mental processes include thoughts, feelings and
  dreams.

6
Modern Psychologys Roots

• Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
  and Careers

7
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

• The father of psychology
• Founder of modern psychology
• Opened the first psychology lab in 1879

8
E.B. Titchener (1867-1927)

• Analyzed the intensity, clarity and quality of
  the parts of consciousness
• Founder of structuralism

9
Structuralism

• Studied the basic elements (structure) of
  thoughts and sensations.

10
(No Transcript)
11
Gestalt Psychology

• The whole is different from the sum of its parts.
• Integrate pieces of information into meaningful
  wholes.

12
(No Transcript)
13
William James (1842-1910)

• First American psychologist
• Author of the first psychology textbook
• Founder of Functionalism

14
Functionalism

• Emphasized studying the function of consciousness
  and how consciousness helped people adapt to
  their environment

15
(No Transcript)
16
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

• Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective
• Believed that abnormal behavior originated from
  unconscious drives and conflicts

17
Freuds Influence

• Influence on pop culture
• Freudian slips
• Anal-retentive
• Influence on psychology
• Psychodynamic theory
• Unconscious thoughts
• Significance of childhood experiences

18
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

• Russian Physiologist
• Studied learning in animals
• Emphasized the study of observable behaviors

19
John B. Watson (1878-1958)

• Founder of behaviorism
• Studied only observable and objectively described
  acts
• Emphasized objective and scientific methodology

20
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

• Behaviorist
• Focused on learning through rewards and
  observation

21
Humanistic Psychology

• Stressed the study of conscious experience and an
  individuals free will
• Healthy individuals strive to reach their
  potential.

22
Six Contemporary Psychological Perspectives

• Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
  and Careers

23
Psychological Perspectives

• Method of classifying a collection of ideas
• Also called schools of thought
• Also called psychological approaches
• To view behavior from a particular perspective

24
Cognitive Perspective

• Focus On how people think and process
  information
• Behavior is explained by how a person interprets
  the situation

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Biological Perspective

• Focus How our biological structures and
  substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or
  emotion
• Behavior is explained by brain chemistry,
  genetics, glands, etc.

28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Social-Cultural Perspective

• Focus How thinking and behavior change depending
  on the setting or situation
• Behavior is explained by the influence of other
  people present

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Behavioral Perspective

• Focus How we learn through rewards, punishments,
  and observation
• Behavior is explained by previous learning

34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
Humanistic Perspective

• Focus How healthy people strive to reach their
  full potential
• Behavior is explained as being motivated by
  satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.),
  with the goal of reaching ones full potential
  once basic needs are met.

37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
Psychodynamic Perspective

• Focus How behavior is affected by unconscious
  drives and conflicts
• Behavior is explained through unconscious
  motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from
  ones childhood.
• Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective.

40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
Psychologys Horizon

• Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
  and Careers

43
Behavior Genetics

• Focus How behavior is affected by genes and the
  environment
• Combines biology and behaviorism
• Emphasis on the importance of both genetic and
  environmental factors on behavior

44
Evolutionary Psychology

• Combines aspects of biological, psychological,
  and social perspectives
• Behavior is explained by how the behavior may
  have helped our ancestors survive long enough to
  reproduce successfully.

45
Positive Psychology

• Focus To study and promote optimal human
  functioning
• Martin E.P. Seligman is a major advocate
• Should promote building positive qualities of
  people

46
Careers in Psychology

• Module 1 Introduction, History, Perspectives,
  and Careers

47
Basic Research

• Pure science or research
• Research for the sake of finding new information
  and expanding the knowledge base of psychology

48
Clinical Psychologist

• Diagnose and treat patients with psychological
  problems
• Largest number of professional psychologists

49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
(No Transcript)
60
Applied Research

• Research designed to solve specific practical
  problems

61
Sports Psychology

• Play Sports Imports (538) Segment 33 from
  Scientific American Frontiers Video Collection
  for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition)

62
(No Transcript)
63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
(No Transcript)
66
(No Transcript)
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)
69
(No Transcript)
70
The End
71
Name of Concept

• Use this slide to add a concept to the
  presentation

72
Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art,
picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete this box
when finished