Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 7 power-point
1 Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D. StephensIdaho State University Philip TatePhoenix College Chapter 07 Lecture Outline See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 Skeletal SystemGross Anatomy
Chapter 7
3 Skeletal System
Provides framework
Without skeleton, muscles couldnt move body
Components
Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons
Relationships among bones and soft tissues
4 Skeleton
Axial skeleton
Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Thoracic (rib) cage
Appendicular skeleton
Limbs
Girdles
5 The Complete Skeleton 6 Anatomic Bone Features
Terms
Body Main part
Head Enlarge end
Neck Constriction between head and body
Margin or border Edge
Angle Bend
Ramus Branch off body
Condyle Smooth rounded articular surface
Facet Small flattened articular surface
Projections
Process Prominent projection
Tubercle Small rounded bump
Tuberosity Knob
Trochanter Tuberosities on proximal femur
Epicondyle Near or above condyle
7 Anatomic Bone Features
Ridges
Line or linea Low ridge
Crest or crista Prominent ridge
Spine Very high ridge
Openings
Foramen Hole
Canal or meatus Tunnel
Fissure Cleft
Sinus or Labyrinth Cavity
Depressions
Fossa General term for a depression
Notch Depression in bone margin
Fovea Little pit
Groove or sulcus Deeper, narrow depression
8 The Skull or Cranium
Functions
Protects brain
Supports organs of special senses
Provides foundation for structures that take air, food , water into body
Superior view of skull
Parietal bones
Frontal bone
Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
9 Posterior View of Skull
Occipital bone
Lambdoid suture
Sutural bones
External occipital protuberance
Ligamentum nuchae Helps keep head erect
Nuchal lines Neck muscle attachment points
10 Lateral View of Skull
Squamous suture
External auditory meatus
Mastoid Process
Temporal lines
Sphenoid bone
Zygomatic bones
Maxilla
Mandible
11 Frontal View of Skull
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bones
Maxillae
Mandible
Orbits
Nasolacrimal canal
Optic foramen
12 Bones of Nasal Cavity 13 Paranasal Sinuses
Functions
Decrease skull weight
Resonating chambers
Names
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
14 Inferior View of Skull
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Jugular foramina
Styloid processes
Vomer bone
Hard or bony palate
15 Hyoid Bone
Unpaired
No direct bony attachment to skull
Attachment point for some tongue muscles
Attachment point for neck muscles that elevate larynx during speech and swallowing
16 Vertebral Column
Supports weight of head and trunk
Protects the spinal cord
Allow spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
Provides site for muscle attachment
Permits movement of head and trunk
17 Vertebra
Body
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral arch
Pedicle
Lamina
Transverse process
Spinous process
Articular processes
18 Intervertebral Disks
Located between adjacent vertebrae
Functions
Provide support
Prevent vertebrae rubbing
Consist of
Annulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
19 Herniated or Ruptured Disk 20 Spina Bifida 21 Vertebral Column
Regions
Cervical (7 vertebrae)
Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
Sacral bone (1)
Coccygeal bone (1)
Major Curvatures (4)
Abnormal curvatures
Lordosis
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
22 Cervical Vertebrae
Atlas
First vertebra
Axis
Second vertebra
Dens or odontoid process
Vertebral prominens
23 Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae 24 Sacrum and Coccyx 25 Thoracic or Rib Cage
Functions
Protects vital organs
Forms semi-rigid chamber for respiration
Parts
Thoracic vertebrae
Ribs (12 pair)
True or Vertebrosternal
False or Vertebrochondral
Floating or vertebral
Sternum
26 Sternum
Breastbone
Parts
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Sternal angle
Important landmark for counting ribs to locate areas of the heart
27 Appendicular Skeleton
Girdles
Pectoral or shoulder
Pelvic
Upper Limbs
Arm
Forearm
Wrist
Hand
Lower Limbs
Thigh
Leg
Foot
28 Pectoral Girdle
Scapula (2)
Acromion process
Forms protective cover
Attachment for clavicle
Attachment for muscles
Coracoid process
Attachment for muscles
Glenoid cavity
Articulates with humerus
Clavicle (2)
29 Arm
Humerus
Head
Anatomic and surgical
Neck
Tubercles
Greater and lesser
Intertubercular groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Capitulum
Articulates with radius
Trochlea
Articulates with ulna
Epicondyles
30 Forearm
Radius
Thumb side
Most commonly fractured bone in 50 years people
Ulna
Little finger side
Trochlear notch
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
31 Wrist and Hand
Wrist
8 carpal bones
Hand
5 metacarpals (palm of hand)
Phalanges
32 Pelvis
Coxae Right and Left
Ilium
Ischium
Sit down bone
Pubis
Pubic symphysis
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Sacrum
33 Male and Female Pelvis 34 Thigh
Femur
Head
Neck
Trochanters
Greater and lesser
Condyles
Medial and lateral
Epicondyles
Medial and lateral
Patella or kneecap
35 Leg
Tibia
Larger and supports most of weight
Tibial tuberosity
Condyles
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Articulates with tibia not femur
Lateral malleolus
36 Foot
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges
37 Arches of the Foot
Function
Distribute weight of body between heel and ball of foot