Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 7 power-point

1
Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 07 Lecture Outline
See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and
tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
2
Skeletal SystemGross Anatomy

• Chapter 7

3
Skeletal System

• Provides framework
• Without skeleton, muscles couldnt move body
• Components
• Bones
• Cartilage
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Relationships among bones and soft tissues

4
Skeleton

• Axial skeleton
• Skull
• Hyoid bone
• Vertebral column
• Thoracic (rib) cage
• Appendicular skeleton
• Limbs
• Girdles

5
The Complete Skeleton
6
Anatomic Bone Features

• Terms
• Body Main part
• Head Enlarge end
• Neck Constriction between head and body
• Margin or border Edge
• Angle Bend
• Ramus Branch off body
• Condyle Smooth rounded articular surface
• Facet Small flattened articular surface

• Projections
• Process Prominent projection
• Tubercle Small rounded bump
• Tuberosity Knob
• Trochanter Tuberosities on proximal femur
• Epicondyle Near or above condyle

7
Anatomic Bone Features

• Ridges
• Line or linea Low ridge
• Crest or crista Prominent ridge
• Spine Very high ridge
• Openings
• Foramen Hole
• Canal or meatus Tunnel
• Fissure Cleft
• Sinus or Labyrinth Cavity

• Depressions
• Fossa General term for a depression
• Notch Depression in bone margin
• Fovea Little pit
• Groove or sulcus Deeper, narrow depression

8
The Skull or Cranium

• Functions
• Protects brain
• Supports organs of special senses
• Provides foundation for structures that take air,
  food , water into body
• Superior view of skull
• Parietal bones
• Frontal bone
• Sagittal suture
• Coronal suture

9
Posterior View of Skull

• Occipital bone
• Lambdoid suture
• Sutural bones
• External occipital protuberance
• Ligamentum nuchae Helps keep head erect
• Nuchal lines Neck muscle attachment points

10
Lateral View of Skull

• Squamous suture
• External auditory meatus
• Mastoid Process
• Temporal lines
• Sphenoid bone
• Zygomatic bones
• Maxilla
• Mandible

11
Frontal View of Skull

• Frontal bone
• Zygomatic bones
• Maxillae
• Mandible
• Orbits
• Nasolacrimal canal
• Optic foramen

12
Bones of Nasal Cavity
13
Paranasal Sinuses

• Functions
• Decrease skull weight
• Resonating chambers
• Names
• Frontal
• Maxillary
• Ethmoidal
• Sphenoidal

14
Inferior View of Skull

• Foramen magnum
• Occipital condyles
• Jugular foramina
• Styloid processes
• Vomer bone
• Hard or bony palate

15
Hyoid Bone

• Unpaired
• No direct bony attachment to skull
• Attachment point for some tongue muscles
• Attachment point for neck muscles that elevate
  larynx during speech and swallowing

16
Vertebral Column

• Supports weight of head and trunk
• Protects the spinal cord
• Allow spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
• Provides site for muscle attachment
• Permits movement of head and trunk

17
Vertebra

• Body
• Vertebral foramen
• Vertebral arch
• Pedicle
• Lamina
• Transverse process
• Spinous process
• Articular processes

18
Intervertebral Disks

• Located between adjacent vertebrae
• Functions
• Provide support
• Prevent vertebrae rubbing
• Consist of
• Annulus fibrosus
• Nucleus pulposus

19
Herniated or Ruptured Disk
20
Spina Bifida
21
Vertebral Column

• Regions
• Cervical (7 vertebrae)
• Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
• Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
• Sacral bone (1)
• Coccygeal bone (1)
• Major Curvatures (4)
• Abnormal curvatures
• Lordosis
• Kyphosis
• Scoliosis

22
Cervical Vertebrae

• Atlas
• First vertebra
• Axis
• Second vertebra
• Dens or odontoid process
• Vertebral prominens

23
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
24
Sacrum and Coccyx
25
Thoracic or Rib Cage

• Functions
• Protects vital organs
• Forms semi-rigid chamber for respiration
• Parts
• Thoracic vertebrae
• Ribs (12 pair)
• True or Vertebrosternal
• False or Vertebrochondral
• Floating or vertebral
• Sternum

26
Sternum

• Breastbone
• Parts
• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process
• Sternal angle
• Important landmark for counting ribs to locate
  areas of the heart

27
Appendicular Skeleton

• Girdles
• Pectoral or shoulder
• Pelvic
• Upper Limbs
• Arm
• Forearm
• Wrist
• Hand
• Lower Limbs
• Thigh
• Leg
• Foot

28
Pectoral Girdle

• Scapula (2)
• Acromion process
• Forms protective cover
• Attachment for clavicle
• Attachment for muscles
• Coracoid process
• Attachment for muscles
• Glenoid cavity
• Articulates with humerus
• Clavicle (2)

29
Arm

• Humerus
• Head
• Anatomic and surgical
• Neck
• Tubercles
• Greater and lesser
• Intertubercular groove
• Deltoid tuberosity
• Capitulum
• Articulates with radius
• Trochlea
• Articulates with ulna
• Epicondyles

30
Forearm

• Radius
• Thumb side
• Most commonly fractured bone in 50 years people
• Ulna
• Little finger side
• Trochlear notch
• Olecranon process
• Coronoid process

31
Wrist and Hand

• Wrist
• 8 carpal bones
• Hand
• 5 metacarpals (palm of hand)
• Phalanges

32
Pelvis

• Coxae Right and Left
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Sit down bone
• Pubis
• Pubic symphysis
• Acetabulum
• Obturator foramen
• Sacrum

33
Male and Female Pelvis
34
Thigh

• Femur
• Head
• Neck
• Trochanters
• Greater and lesser
• Condyles
• Medial and lateral
• Epicondyles
• Medial and lateral
• Patella or kneecap

35
Leg

• Tibia
• Larger and supports most of weight
• Tibial tuberosity
• Condyles
• Medial malleolus
• Fibula
• Articulates with tibia not femur
• Lateral malleolus

36
Foot

• Tarsals (7)
• Metatarsals (5)
• Phalanges

37
Arches of the Foot

• Function
• Distribute weight of body between heel and ball
  of foot
• Three major arches
• Transverse arch
• Longitudinal arches Medial and lateral