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Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 12 power-point


1
Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 12 Lecture Outline
See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and
tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
2
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
  • Chapter 12

3
Spinal Cord
  • Extends from foramen magnum to second lumbar
    vertebra
  • Segmented
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves
  • Not uniform in diameter throughout length

4
Meninges
  • Connective tissue membranes surrounding spinal
    cord and brain
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
  • Spaces
  • Epidural Anesthesia injected
  • Subdural Serous fluid
  • Subarachnoid CSF

5
Cross Section of Spinal Cord
6
Cross Section of Spinal Cord
  • Gray matter
  • Neuron cell cell bodies, dendrites, axons
  • Horns
  • Posterior (dorsal)
  • Anterior (ventral)
  • Lateral
  • Commissures
  • Gray Central canal
  • White
  • White matter
  • Myelinated axons forming nerve tracts
  • Fissure and sulcus
  • Three columns or funiculi
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal
  • Lateral

7
Reflex Arc
  • Basic functional unit of nervous system and
    simplest portion capable of receiving stimulus
    and producing response
  • Components
  • Sensory receptor
  • Sensory neuron
  • Interneurons
  • Motor neuron
  • Effector organ

8
Stretch Reflex
  • Muscles contract in response to a stretching
    force applied to them

9
Golgi Tendon Reflex
  • Prevents contracting muscles from applying
    excessive tension to tendons

10
Withdrawal Reflex
  • Function is to remove a body limb or other part
    from a painful stimulus

11
Withdrawal Reflex with Reciprocal Innervation
  • Causes relaxation of extensors muscle when flexor
    muscles contract

12
Withdrawal Reflex with Crossed Extensor Reflex
  • When a withdrawal reflex is initiated in one
    lower limb, the crossed extensor reflex causes
    extension of opposite lower limb

13
Peripheral Nerves
  • Consist of
  • Axon bundles
  • Schwann cells
  • Connective tissue
  • Endoneurium
  • Perineurium Surrounds axon groups to form
    fascicles
  • Epineurium

14
Spinal Nerves
15
Dermatomal Map
  • Skin area supplied with sensory innervation by
    spinal nerves

16
Cervical Plexus
  • C1-C4
  • Phrenic nerve
  • From C3-C5 cervical and brachial plexus
  • Innervate diaphragm

17
Brachial Plexus
  • C5-T1
  • Major nerves
  • Axillary
  • Radial
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Ulnar
  • Median

18
Axillary Nerve
19
Radial Nerve
20
Musculocutaneous Nerve
21
Ulnar Nerve
22
Median Nerve
23
Lumbosacral Plexus
24
Obturator Nerve
25
Femoral Nerve
26
Tibial Nerve
27
Fibular Nerve
28
PNS Disorders
  • General disorders
  • Anesthesia Loss of sensation
  • Hyperesthesia Increased sensitivity to pain,
    pressure, light
  • Paresthesia Tingling, prickling, burning
  • Neuralgia Nerve inflammation causing stabbing
    pain
  • Sciatica Pain radiating down back of thigh and
    leg
  • Infections
  • Herpes Skin lesions
  • Shingles or herpes zoster Adult disease of
    chickenpox
  • Poliomyelitis Infantile paralysis
  • Genetic and autoimmune disorders
  • Myasthenia gravis Results in fatigue and
    muscular weakness due to inadequate ACh receptors
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