Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 5 power-point
1 Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 05 Lecture Outline
See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and
tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
2Chapter 5
3Integumentary System
- Consists of
- Skin
- Hair
- Nails
- Glands
- Functions
- Protection
- Sensation
- Temperature regulation
- Vitamin D production
- Excretion
4Hypodermis
- Skin rests on this, but not a part
- Consists of loose connective tissue
- Types of cells
- Fibroblasts
- Adipose cells
- Macrophages
- Also called
- Subcutaneous tissue
- Superficial fascia
5Skin
- Dermis
- Structural strength
- Cleavage lines
- Two layers
- Reticular
- Papillary
- Epidermis
- Avascular
- Cells
- Layers or strata
6Cleavage or Tension Lines
- Elastin and collagen fibers oriented in some
directions more than others - Important in surgery
- If incision parallel to lines there is less
gapping, faster healing, less scar tissue
7Dermis and Epidermis
8Epidermal Cells
- Cell types
- Keratinocytes Produce keratin for strength
- Melanocytes Contribute to skin color
- Langerhans cells Part of the immune system
- Merkels cells Detect light touch and pressure
- Desquamate Older cells slough off
- Keratinization Cells die and produce outer layer
that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer
9Epidermal Strata
- Stratum Basale
- Deepest portion of epidermis and single layer
- High mitotic activity and cells become
keratinized - Stratum Spinosum
- Limited cell division
- Stratum Granulosum
- In superficial layers nucleus and other
organelles degenerate and cell dies - Stratum Lucidum
- Thin, clear zone
- Stratum Corneum
- Most superficial and consists of cornified cells
10Epidermal Layers and Keratinization
11Thick and Thin Skin
- Thick skin
- Has all 5 epithelial strata
- Found in areas subject to pressure or friction
- Palms of hands, fingertips, soles of feet
- Thin skin
- More flexible than thick skin
- Covers rest of body
12Skin Color
- Determined by 3 factors
- Pigments
- Melanin Provides for protection against UV light
- Albinism Deficiency or absence of pigment
- Carotene Yellow pigment
- Blood circulating through the skin
- Imparts reddish hue and increases during
blushing, anger, inflammation - Cyanosis Blue color caused by decrease in blood
oxygen content - Thickness of stratum corneum
13Accessory Skin Structures
- Hair
- Found everywhere on human body except palms,
soles, lips, nipples, parts of external
genitalia, and distal segments of fingers and
toes - Glands
- Sebaceous or oil glands
- Sudoriferous or sweat glands
- Ceruminous glands
- Mammary glands
- Nails
14Hair Structure
- Composed of shaft and root
- Shaft protrudes above skin surface
- Root located below surface and base forms the
hair bulb - Has 3 concentric layers
- Medulla Central axis
- Cortex Forms bulk of hair
- Cuticle Forms hair surface
15Hair Growth, Color, and Muscles
- Hair Growth
- Cycles
- Growth and resting
- Permanent hair loss
- Pattern balding most common
- Hair Color
- Caused by varying amounts and types of melanin
- Muscles
- Arrector pili Muscle contraction causes hair to
stand on end
16Oil and Sweat Glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Produce sebum
- Oils hair and skin surface
- Sudoriferous glands
- Merocrine or eccrine
- Most common
- Numerous in palms and soles
- Apocrine
- Found in axillae, genitalia, around anus
17Nails
- Anatomy
- Nail root proximally
- Nail body distally Eponychium or cuticle
- Growth
- Grow continuously unlike hair
18Burns
- Classifications
- First-degree
- Second-degree
- Third-degree
- Skin Grafts
- Split skin
- Artificial skin
- Cadavers or pigs
19The Rule of Nines
20Aging Effects
- Skin more easily damaged
- Skin becomes drier
- Functioning melanocytes decrease or increase as
with age spots - Sunlight ages skin more rapidly
21Clinical Disorders
- Bacterial infections
- Acne
- Viral Infections
- Chicken pox, German measles, cold sores
- Decubitus ulcers or bedsores
- Ischemia and necrosis
- Cancer
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma