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Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 13 power-point


1
Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 13 Lecture Outline
See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and
tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
2
Brain and Cranial Nerves
  • Chapter 13

3
Brain and Cranial Nerves
  • Brain
  • Part of CNS contained in cranial cavity
  • Control center for many of bodys functions
  • Much like a complex computer but more
  • Parts of the brain
  • Brainstem
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Cerebrum
  • Cranial nerves
  • Part of PNS arise directly from brain

4
Brainstem
  • Connects spinal cord to brain
  • Parts
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Midbrain

5
Brainstem
  • Medulla oblongata or medulla
  • Regulates Heart rate, blood vessel diameter,
    respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping,
    coughing, and sneezing
  • Pyramids Decussate
  • Pons
  • Sleep and respiratory center
  • Midbrain
  • Integral part of auditory pathways in CNS

6
Brainstem and Diencephalon
7
Cerebellum
  • Involved in control of balance, posture,
    locomotion, and fine motor coordination producing
    smooth flowing movements

8
Diencephalon
  • Components
  • Thalamus, Subthalamus, Epithalamus, Hypothalamus

9
Diencephalon
  • Thalamus
  • Largest part of diencephalon
  • Most sensory input projects to here
  • Influences mood and actions as fear or rage
  • Subthalamus
  • Involved in controlling motor functions
  • Epithalamus
  • Pineal gland may influence sleep-wake cycle
  • Hypothalamus
  • Functions
  • ANS control
  • Endocrine control
  • Muscle control
  • Temperature regulation
  • Regulation of food and water intake
  • Emotions
  • Regulation of sleep-wake cycle

10
Cerebrum
  • Largest portion of brain
  • Divisions
  • Right
  • Left
  • Lobes Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal,
    insula
  • Cortex Outer surface
  • Medulla Center

11
Basal Nuclei and Limbic System
  • Basal nuclei
  • Motor function control
  • Limbic system
  • Basic survival functions as memory, reproduction,
    nutrition
  • Emotions

12
Limbic System
13
Meninges
  • Connective tissue membranes
  • Dura mater Superficial
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater Bound tightly to brain
  • Spaces
  • Subdural Serous fluid
  • Subarachnoid CSF

14
Ventricles
  • Ventricles Lateral ventricles (2), third
    ventricle, fourth ventricle
  • Choroid plexuses produce CSF which fills
    ventricles and other parts of brain and spinal
    cord
  • Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Substances do
    not pass between cells but through due to tight
    junctions of blood endothelial cells

15
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Similar to serum with most of proteins removed
  • Bathes brain and spinal cord
  • Provides a protective cushion around CNS
  • Provides some nutrients to CNS tissues
  • Produced by ependymal cells

16
Flow of CSF
17
Brain Blood Supply
  • Brain
  • Requires tremendous amount of blood
  • Receives 15-20 of blood pumped by heart
  • Interruption can cause unconsciousness and
    irreversible brain damage
  • High metabolic rate and dependence on constant
    supply of oxygen and glucose
  • Receives blood through arteries
  • Blood-Brain barrier
  • Capillary endothelial cells along with astrocytes
    and basement membrane
  • To be considered when developing drugs

18
Formation of the Neural Tube
19
Development of Brain Segments and Ventricles
20
Cranial Nerves
  • Indicated by Roman numerals I-XII from anterior
    to posterior
  • May have one or more of 3 functions
  • Sensory (special or general)
  • Somatic motor (skeletal muscles)
  • Parasympathetic (regulation of glands, smooth
    muscles, cardiac muscle)

21
Cranial Nerves
  • Olfactory (I)
  • Optic (II)
  • Oculomotor (III)
  • Trochlear (IV)
  • Trigeminal (V)
  • Abducens (VI)
  • Facial (VII)
  • Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  • Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  • Vagus (X)
  • Accessory (XI)
  • Hypoglossal (XII)
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