The Civil War 1861-1865

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The Civil War1861-1865
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Union and Confederate Resources

• Union Advantages

• Confederate Advantages

• Population
• Industry supported manufacturing
• Larger railroad network
• Strong leader in Lincoln
• Well-organized navy
• Set up a blockade

• Fighting for their survival
• Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee
• War was fought mainly in the South
• Familiar territory and supplies are closer

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Union and Confederate Strategies

• Union

• Confederacy

• Keep loyal slave states from seceding by not
  abolishing slavery
• The Anaconda Plan
• Devised by Winfield Scott
• Blockade southern ports
• Control the Mississippi River to cut the
  Confederacy in half
• This would squeeze the life out of the Confederacy

• Tire the Union
• Gain support of Britain and France
• Needed cotton from the South
• Never got their help

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Early Battles of the War

• Bull Run/Manassas victory for the Confederacy
  under Stonewall Jackson
• Shocked the North b/c South was supposed to
  LOSE!!??
• Union had to replace the Union General with
  McClellan and he is later replaced because he
  failed to capture Richmond (capitol)
• Battle of Shiloh the Unions attempt under
  Ulysses S. Grant to control the Mississippi River
• 25,000 dead in two days of fighting
• The Monitor vs. The Virginia both were plated
  with iron (ironclad)
• No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of
  the past

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African Americans

• Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in
  states that were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863
• Did not apply to loyal slave states
• Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states
  surrendering
• Southerners see there will be no negotiations

• What should the Union do with slaves?
• Free them?...Lincolns suggestion but must wait
  until a Union victoryAntietam
• Put them to work?
• Given the worst jobs

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Antietam

• The victory necessary for Lincoln to proclaim
  emancipation
• Union General had General Lees military plan
• The bloodiest single day of the Civil War
• Lee retreats but looses less soldiers

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African Americans Fight Bravely

• Union started to recruit freed slaves
• Gain respect from white men
• Sometimes given tedious tasks
• If captured by the Confederacy they would be
  killed
• Southern slaves help Union troops as they pass
  through
• Food
• Spies
• Scouts

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Homefront

• Confederacy

• Union

• Lacked the resources to support troops
• Blockade runners were no longer successful
• Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops
• Seized Union goods when able
• Confederate money is worthless
• Could not deal with the economic hardships

• Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry
• Income taxes
• Western lands sold extremely cheap
• Union started a draft that led to Draft Riots
• Copperheads condemned Lincoln for war actions and
  wanted the war to stop
• Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus
  (holding someone in jail without charging them)
  to deal with draft dodgers

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Soldiers Life

• Half of Union men fought
• 4 out of 5 Southern men fought
• Brother s might fight brothers
• Boring and monotonous
• Injuries usually led to amputation
• Malnutrition

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Women and the War

• Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war
• Led to women entering professions that had been
  off limits
• Most women were nurses
• Clara Barton will later form the American Red
  Cross
• Start to consider sanitation

Angels of the Battlefield