Chapter 13: The Renaissance

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Chapter 13 The Renaissance
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Lesson 1 Origins of the Renaissance

• Essential Question What effect did the reopening
  of the Silk Roads
• have on Europe?

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European Society Changes

• The Rise of Nations
• England, France became nations 1100-1200s
  replaced small kingdoms
• Monarchs gained power and ruled over the nation
  replaced feudalism
• lords and landowners lost most of their power

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End of Medieval Institutions

• Plague of 1300s depleted serf population feudal
  system weakened
• Chivalry ended with Hundred Years War between
  France, England
• longbow made knights and hand-to-hand combat
  useless, outdated

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The Silk Roads Reopen

• Feudalism and warfare declined traders felt
  safer traveling further
• Revival of trade helped European cities, merchant
  class grow

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Silk Roadsancient trade route connecting Europe
and China

• Mongols brought security to region trade along
  route grew in 1200s

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Marco Polo

• In 1271, Italian trader Marco Polo began journey
  along Silk Roads
• Reached China, returned to Italy 24 years later
• Polos tales, success encouraged commerce between
  Europe and Asia

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The Adventures of Marco Polo
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BOOK SECOND. PART I.CHAPTER X. CONCERNING THE
PALACE OF THE GREAT KAAN

• You must know that it is the greatest palace that
  ever was. The roof is very lofty, and the walls
  of the Palace are all covered with gold and
  silver. They are also adorned with
  representations of dragons sculptured and gilt,
  beasts and birds, knights and idols, and sundry
  other subjects. And on the ceiling too you see
  nothing but gold and silver and painting. On
  each of the four sides there is a great marble
  staircase leading to the top of the marble wall,
  and forming the approach to the palace.

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• The Hall of the Palace is so large that it could
  easily dine 6000 people and it is quite a marvel
  to see how many rooms there are besides. The
  building is altogether so vast, so rich, and so
  beautiful, that no man on earth could design
  anything superior to it.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE GREAT CITY OF KINSAY, WHICH IS
THE CAPITAL OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY OF MANZI4

• Inside the city there is a Lake which has a
  compass of some 30 miles and all around it are
  erected beautiful palaces and mansions, of the
  riches and most exquisite structures that you can
  imagine, belonging to the nobles of the city.
  There are also on its shores many abbeys and
  churches of the Idolaters. In the middle of the
  Lake are two Islands, on each of which stands a
  rich, beautiful and spacious edifice, furnished
  in such style as to seem fit for the palace of an
  Emperor. And when any one of the citizens desired
  to hold a marriage feast, or to give any other
  entertainment, it used to be done at one of these
  palaces. And everything would be found there
  ready to order, such as silver plate, trenchers,
  and dishes napkins and table-cloths, and
  whatever else was needful. The King made this
  provision for the gratification of his people,
  and the place was open to every one who desired
  to give an entertainment. Sometimes there would
  be at these palaces an hundred different parties
  some holding a banquet, others celebrating a
  wedding and yet all would find good
  accommodation in the different apartments and
  pavilions, and that in so well ordered a manner
  that one party was never in the way of another.

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• The Song period (960-1276) was a time of economic
  growth, population growth, and urbanization. Song
  cities, centers of government and commerce, were
  among the largest cities of the world. The
  document excerpted below, by an unknown author,
  describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou
  a city of between seven and eight square miles
  in 1235.

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Markets

• During the morning hours, markets extend from
  Tranquility Gate of the palace all the way out to
  the north and south sides of the New Boulevard.
  Here we find pearl, jade, talismans, exotic
  plants and fruits, seasonal catches from the sea,
  wild game all the rarities of the world seem to
  be gathered here.

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New Ways of Thinking

• Essential Question Describe Humanism and its
  affect on Europe.

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Revival of Classical Learning

• Education declined during Middle Ages
  instability disrupted learning
• Greater stability, trade reignited desire for
  knowledge by 1200s
• scholars revived Greek, Roman classical ideas and
  texts

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The Growth of Humanism

• Humanismfocus on human beings and their
  potential for achievement. Goal to create
  well-rounded people through study of classical
  subjects
• Italian poet Petrarch led early movement
  restored many ancient texts

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Humanist Thought

• Humanism stressed the importance of the
  individual
• differed from medieval thinking royalty, church
  most important

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Humanist Thought

• Stressed balance of intellect, religion over
  blind faith in Church
• people could enjoy life and still be good
  Christians

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A New Age of Creativity

• Humanism inspired creativity, exploration,
  experimentation
• Led to creative movement that would reach much of
  Europe

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The Renaissance Begins in Italy

• Describe the factors that helped make Italy the
  birthplace of the Renaissance?

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The Renaissance Begins

• Renaissancemovement of great creativity in art,
  writing, thought. Means rebirth.
• began in Italy and spread throughout Europe
  lasted 1300 to 1600

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Growth of Independent Trading Cities

• Italy was center of Roman Empire artists knew
  classical period well
• Many trade routes passed through north Italy
  urban centers grew
• Florence, Venice, Milan became centers for
  exchange of goods, ideas

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Florence Shines

• Banking, clothing industries brought great wealth
  to Florence
• one of Europes largest cities by early 1300s
  population 120,000

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Florence Shines

• Many artists, writers settled in Florence
• patronsfinancial supporters of artists
• the Medici banking family ruled Florence,
  supported arts

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Advances in the Arts

• In what areas did Renaissance figures make
  notable achievements?

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New Techniques

• Renaissance writers, painters experimented with
  new techniques, styles
• sought more realism abandoned two-dimensional
  style of medieval art

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Perspectiveart technique that produced
three-dimensional appearance
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Leading Figures

• Leonardo da Vinciborn in 1452 near Florence
  painter, inventor, scholar
• created masterpieces such as The Last Supper,
  Mona Lisa

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Leading Figures

• Michelangeloborn in 1475 in Italy sculptor and
  painter
• Moses, David, Sistine Chapel ceiling are some of
  his greatest works

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Leading Figures

• Italian painter Raphael studied the works of da
  Vinci and others
• The School of Athens was one of his most famous
  masterpieces

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Other Influential Artists

• Titian, used bright colors, broad strokes
  painted Crowning with Thorns
• Sandro Botticellis style marked by delicate
  colors, flowing lines
• paintings were poetic, not as realistic as other
  Renaissance artists

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Architecture and Engineering

• Filippo Brunelleschi was influential Renaissance
  architect
• designed large domes for churches including the
  Duomo
• created techniques for raising construction
  materials onto buildings

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Renaissance Writers

• Renaissance writers focused on portraying real
  life
• Dante Alighieri wrote nonfiction, poetry in
  Italian instead of Latin

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Cervantes

• Cervantes was influential Spanish writer
  greatest work is Don Quixote
• novel tells story of landowner who imagines he is
  a knight

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Machiavelli

• Machiavelli published The Prince in 1513
  realistic view of politics

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Renaissance for the Rich

• Renaissance upper class
• Renaissance was largely an upper class movement
• Majority of Italians during the Renaissance were
  middle class or poor

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The Renaissance Spreads

• What was the greatest achievement of the
  Renaissance? Justify your answer with evidence.

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The Renaissance Moves North

• Expanded trade, growth of cities spread
  Renaissance across Europe
• Unified governments of England, France supported
  the arts with money
• In late 1400s, artists fled war in Italy moved
  to northern Europe

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Northern and Italian Renaissance Differ

• Northern scholars did not study classics as
  Italians did
• Northern painters much more detailed in depiction
  of everyday life

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What do these movies have in common?
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Northern Writers

• William Shakespearemost famous northern
  Renaissance writer
• Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet are plays often
  performed today

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v65Cy4-rfd24feature
player_embedded
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The Elizabethan Age

• Elizabethan Ageperiod in England led by Queen
  Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdXe8TJzAWUofeature
player_detailpage
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Advances in Science and Technology

• Johann Gutenberginventor of the printing press
  printed Bible in 1455
• printing pressmachine that pressed paper against
  inked movable type

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The Impact of Printing

• Printing press had a tremendous impact on
  European society
• books became widespread and cheap more people
  learned to read
• Renaissance ideas spread more rapidly across
  Europe

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The Impact of Printing

• Writers wrote in the vernacularnative
  languagerather than Latin
• Mass printing of Bible allowed people to
  interpret text themselves