Chapter 17: Sections 1 and 2

1
Chapter 17 Sections 1 and 2

• Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance
• and
• The Northern Renaissance

2
Meaning of Renaissance

• Comes from the French word meaning rebirth
• A restoration of classical arts and learning of
  Rome and Greece, which had almost been extinct
  during the Middle Ages
• A time of creativity and change in Europe, began
  in the mid-14th century
• A time of rebirth after the disorder and disunity
  of the medieval world

3
Why Italy?

• Italy was center of Roman history
• Also cities were prosperous centers of trade and
  manufacturing
• Wealthy merchant class there promoted the
  cultural rebirth by stressing education,
  individual achievement, and spending money to
  support the arts

4
The Renaissance Moves North

• The Renaissance moved north to France, Belgium,
  Germany, Spain, and England 100 years after it
  began in Italy.
• Why?
• The plague reduced the population in Europe and
  recovery was delayed in the north, recovering
  from the Hundred Years War
• Only after 1450 did the north enjoy economic
  growth to support the Renaissance
• How?
• Cities like Flanders grew rapidly, supporting
  wealthy patrons
• Monarchs hired Italian artists and architects

5
Renaissance v. Middle Ages

• People changed their thinking in the Renaissance
  and this fostered development (modernization) in
  many areas of life from government to science to
  the arts to religion
• Renaissance reawakened interest in classical
  learning, Middle Ages some preservation of
  classical heritage, but not a focus
• Renaissance think about here and now, Middle
  Ages think about what happens when you die
• Renaissance More focus on achievement of the
  individual

6
Petrarchs Contributions

• Humanism- intellectual movement at the heart of
  the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly
  subjects like human potential and achievement
  rather than on religious issues
• A Florentine poet and early Renaissance humanist
  (father of Renaissance humanism)
• Assembled a library of Greek and Roman
  manuscripts
• His sonnets (14-line poems) were written in both
  Italian and Latin

7
Renaissance Man

• Renaissance thinkers were eager to explore
  richness and variety in human experience
• The Renaissance ideal was the person with talent
  in many fields
• A Renaissance man is a well-rounded person with
  many talents and interests
• Examples Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo,
  Lorenzo de Medici

8
Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, and Raphael

• Leonardo da Vinci Painted Mona Lisa, sketched
  nature/models, inventor, anatomy, engineering,
  music, etc.
• Michelangelo Sculpture of David, Also painted
  Sistine Chapel ceiling and altar wall
• Donatello His statue of David was the first
  large free-standing nude since ancient times

• Raphael Paintings blending Christian and
  Classical ideals, School of Athens was a painting
  of a gathering of famous thinkers, also painted
  tender pictures of the madonna

9
Renaissance Art v. Medieval Art

• Reflected humanist concerns
• Did portray religious figures, but with a Greek
  or Roman background
• Pictures of well-known figures
• Tried to make art look more realistic with use of
  perspective
• Perspective artistic technique used to give
  drawings and paintings a 3-D effect on a flat
  surface
• Oil Painting allowed painters to build layers on
  their work and also had more vibrant colors
• Human body portrayed more accurately than before

10
Christ Giving the Keys to St. Peter Fresco in
Sistine ChapelPERSPECTIVE AT WORK!
11
Medieval or Renaissance and why?

• Medieval Italy, 1300s
• Religious, no use of perspective
• Lack of accuracy in human form

• Renaissance Italy, 1450
• Religious, but with a Greek background
• Use of perspective

12
Which came first?
Botticelli, Italy, c. 1500
This one! Berlinghiero, Italy, 1230s
13
Byzantine or Renaissance?
14
Portrayal of Humans

• More accurate with use of perspective
• Studied human anatomy and drew from live models
  to look more realistic

15
David
16
Sistine Chapel
17
God Creates Adam
18
The Last Judgment (On Altar Wall)
19

• Helping People Climb to Paradise

20
St. Bartholomew with Flayed Skin

• Self-Portrait of Michelangelo

21
Trying to Go to Paradise
22

• Being Pulled Toward Hell

23
The Medici Family

• The Medicis were a family in Florence who were
  among the richest bankers and merchants in Europe
• Uncrowned rulers of the city of Florence
• Lorenzo represented the Renaissance ideal
  politician, financial supporter, poet
• A generous patron of the arts
• Patron- person who provides financial support for
  the arts

24
Machiavellian Politics

• Machiavelli Wrote of the ideal ruler and how to
  gain and maintain power in The Prince
• Stressed that end justified means
• Provided a realistic view of politics

25
Francois Rabelais, Shakespeare, and Cervantes

• William Shakespeare
• Towering figure of Renaissance literature
• Wrote poems and plays
• A Midsummer Nights Dream, Richard III, Romeo and
  Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, Tue
  Taming of the Shrew
• Writing Style
• Master of the English language invented words
  like bedroom, heartsick, sneak, hurry
• Drew from classics for inspiration and plots
• Revealed souls of men, examined human flaws

26
Accessibility of Literature

• New works were written in the vernacular
  everyday languages that people spoke and
  understood
• For this reason, they appealed to many people
• Others besides the clergy and nobility could
  enjoy literature, and write it

27
The Conflict of Erasmus

• Greek humanist
• Translation of Biblical works
• Made Greek edition of the New Testament, Improved
  the Latin translation
• Translation of the Bible into the vernacular
• Felt that even the uneducated should be able to
  read the Bible
• Called for Church reforms
• Challenged Church worldliness
• Wrote The Praise of Folly, a humorous look at the
  immoral behavior of the clergy
• Taught that chief duties were open-mindedness and
  good will toward others

28
Sir Thomas More

• Utopia an ideal place
• Sir Thomas More described the ideal society in
  Utopia
• Men and women live in harmony
• Private property does not exist
• No one is lazy or uneducated
• Justice is used to end crime

29
Johann Gutenberg

• His printing press was breakthrough technology
• Printed a complete edition of the Bible using
  movable metal type
• Changes with the printing revolution
• Books were cheaper and easier to produce
• More people learned to read and write as their
  were more books printed
• Gained access to broad base of knowledge
• Changed religion
• The preaching of sermons is speaking to a few of
  mankind, but printing books is talking to the
  whole world
• People could read the Bible for themselves
• Will be a cause of the Protestant Reformation