Jonah Takes to the Sea (1:1-10)

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The Book of ExodusTransitions
Gods Sovereignty Exodus 5-11
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Announcements

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• Servant Group Brainstorming Session Wednesday
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• Girlfriends Unlimited is collecting baby wipes
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Prayer List

• Mildred Bailey St. Marys Rehab 245.
• Lucille Taylor St. Marys 406 with pneumonia.
• Norma McKenzie is cancer free!
• Bobbye Osborn (Jerusalem) PET scan March 24, St.
  Marys.
• Robert Wallace (Bonnie Krantzs friend) biopsy
  Monday, March 29, at St. Vincents.
• Sympathy to the family of Chris Adams, who passed
  away March 20, in a car accident. He was a member
  of Silver City Church of Christ, in North Little
  Rock.
• John Callahan Elder at Mulberry CoC Heart
  Surgery
• Kerry Stroud Colon Cancer, undergoing chemo

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Exodus
Week Date Topic
1 10 Mar 10 Exodus Transitions An Introduction
2 17 Mar 10 Gods Preparation of Israel Exodus 1-4
3 24 Mar 10 Gods Sovereignty Exodus 5-11
4 31 Mar 10 Gods Redemption Exodus 121-1316
5 07 Apr10 Gods Completion Exodus 1317-1521
6 14 Apr 10 Gods Instructions to Israel Exodus 1522-1827
7 21 Apr 10 Mosaic Covenant Exodus 191-2411
8 28 Apr 10 Dwelling Among His People Exodus 2412-3118
9 05 May 10 Breaking/Renewing the Covenant Exodus 32-34
10 12 May 10 Senior Blessing Night No classes
11 19 May 10 Israels Worship Exodus 35-40
12 26 May 10 New Testament Implications
13 02 Jun 10 Exodus Transitions A Summary
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Todays Objectives

• Review last weeks lesson
• Learn about the historical timeline of Exodus
  5-11
• Learn about Pharaohs response to Moses request
  to free the Israelites
• Learn about Moses and Aarons mission from God
  to Pharaoh
• Learn about the 10 plagues that impact upon Egypt
  and how God uses them to punish Pharaoh
• See how the plagues align with mythological gods
  worshipped by the Egyptians

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Last week

• Reviewed key points of Exodus
• Reviewed the timeline of Exodus
• Reviewed a map of Moses birth and travels
• Learned about the Pharaohs of Moses time
• Learned about the Israelites bondage in Egypt
• Learned the circumstances of Moses' birth and
  family life
• Learned that Moses flees to Midian after Pharaoh
  learned he had killed an Egyptian
• Moses marries while in Midian and receives his
  commission to free the Israelites from bondage

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Key Points of Exodus

• Gods grace towards His people
• Delivery from the bonds of slavery
• Deliverance to the freedom of a covenant
  relationship and fellowship with him
• No other biblical book surfaces elsewhere in the
  OT as frequently as the Book of Exodus does in
  the NT only the Books of Psalms and Isaiah are
  cited more
• Acts 7 is a key companion to Exodus and a quick
  read

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Timeline

• Moses lived from approximately 1525-1405 BC
• Completed writing of Exodus after 1445 BC
• Exodus covers approximately 431 years of history
• Arrival of Jacob and his family in Egypt to the
  construction of the Tabernacle in Sinai in 1445
  BC
• Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years (Gen
  1240)
• Time of oppression was 400 years (Gen 1513)
• Transition time in Egypt
• Egyptians had expelled the Hyskos rulers of the
  time
• Egyptians formed a world power of which there was
  no match

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Rulers of Egypt in Exodus

• Ahmose I (1570-1548 BC)
• Founder of the New Kingdom after the expulsion of
  the Hyksos rulers, consolidated borders
• Initiated temple building projects
• Amenhotep (1548-1528)
• Thutmose I (1528-1518 BC)
• Meaning Born of Thoth
• Thoth the Egyptian god of wisdom
• Moses early childhood
• Therefore Moses would be Egyptian Born of and
  Mu meaning water

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Rulers of Egypt in Exodus

• Thutmose II (1518-1504)
• Moses from about age 8 until 21
• Thutmose III (1504-1450)
• Queen Hatshepsut (1498-1483, co-regency)
• He is called the Napoleon of Ancient Egypt
• He created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen
• Moses kills Egyptian identifies with his
  brethren (Heb. 1124-26) then leaves Egypt (1486
  BC, Ex 211-15)
• Moses dwells in Midian 40 years (Acts 730)

King of Upper Lower Egypt Menkheper Ra Son of
Ra Thetmess
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Thutmose III
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Rulers of Egypt in Exodus

• Amenhotep II (1450-1425)
• Seventh pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty
• Son of Thutmose III
• Successful military campaigns
• Considered to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus
• Firstborn slain in the last plague (Ex 1229)
• His eldest son did not follow him to throne.
• over, after Dream Inscription of Thutmose IV
• Notes
• Archaeologists give us great detail on the
  Pharaohs of Moses time
• Mummies have been found for each of the Pharaohs

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Amenhotep II
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Chapter 5-11 Outline

• Pharaoh's response to Moses (51 61)
• Moses and Aarons equipment as God's messengers
  (6277)
• The confirmation of Moses and Aaron's divine
  mission (78-13)
• The first three plagues (714819)
• The fourth, fifth, and sixth plagues (820912)
• The seventh, eight, and ninth plagues
  (9131029)
• The proclamation of the tenth plague (111-32)

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Conflict Between Pharaoh

• God permitted the conflict between Moses and
  Pharaoh for at least three reasons
• God displays His superior power and sovereignty
  over Pharaoh and the gods of Egypt
• God strengthened the faith of His people
• God also used these events to heighten
  anticipation of and appreciation for the
  redemption

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Pharaoh's Response to Moses (51 61)

• Moses and Aaron present Gods commands to Pharaoh
  Amenhotep II (51)
• To go worship the God of Israel
• Did not perform miracles but merely asked him to
  allow the Israelites to leave Egypt
• Pharaoh Amenhotep IIs response (52-21)
• Pharaohs were considered god-like
• Would not let them go
• Responded by making the working conditions of the
  Israelites even more harsh (56-21)
• God promises deliverance (522-61)
• Ultimately Amenhotep II will let the Israelites
  leave

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Moses and Aarons Equipment as God's Messengers
(6277)

• God explains to Moses that he will deliver Israel
  out of Egypt (62-9)
• Reminded Moses of the promise/covenant
• God promises to do three things
• Deliver Israel from bondage (62)
• He would adopt Israel as His nation (67)
• He would bring Israel into the promised land
  (68)
• God directs Moses to repeat the request to the
  Pharaoh (610-13)
• Moses fears he cannot speak convincingly

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Moses and Aarons Equipment as God's Messengers
(6277)

• Genealogical review of Moses and Aaron (614-30)
• Gods appointed messengers to the Israelites
• Moses was as God to Pharaoh (71-7)
• Gods will revealed to Moses
• Aaron would be Moses prophet and would
  communicate Moses and Gods will to Pharaoh
• God refers to the miracles Moses would do as
  signs and wonders
• Ultimate purpose of Gods actions was His own
  glory
• Moses was 80 and Aaron was 83 at this time

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Moses Family Tree (614-27)
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The Confirmation of Moses and Aaron's Divine
Mission (78-13)

• Pharaoh requests that Moses and Aaron perform a
  miracle to prove their divine (79-10)
• Aarons staff turned to a snake
• Pharaoh performs a similar thing, perhaps
  promulgated by God
• Aarons consumed Pharaohs snake
• Pharaohs heart had become hardened and could not
  see (713)

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Plagues

• Psalm 7843 locates the plagues in northern Egypt
  near Zoan
• God sends the plagues to punish Pharaoh for his
  refusal to obey God
• Nature of the plagues
• Natural occurrences rather than unknown events
• Some affected only the Egyptians
• Severity increased
• Carried a moral purpose

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Egyptian pantheon 80 gods

• The ancient Egyptians believed in many different
  gods and goddesses. Each one with their own role
  to play in maintaining peace and harmony across
  the land.
• The ancient Egyptians believed that it was
  important to recognize and worship these gods and
  goddesses so that life continued smoothly.
• When they won battles, it was proof their gods
  were with them and were more powerful than their
  enemies.

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10 Plagues
Plague Scripture Egyptian gods Represents
River of blood 714-25 Hapi/Nilus Sacred river god
Frogs 81-15 Heka, Osiris Reproduction god
Gnats 816-19 Seb Earth god
Flies 820-32 Beelzebub God of flies
Livestock 91-7 Apis, Hathor Sacred bull/cow
Boils 98-12 Neit
Hail 913-1029 Apis
Locusts 101-20 Serapis Protects land from locusts
Darkness 1021-29 Ra Supreme sun god
Death of first born 11 Pharaoh, Piah God of life
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Archaeological Evidence

• Hieratic papyrus in Leiden (1909)
• Plague is throughout the land
• Blood is everywhere
• The river is blood
• No fruit or herbs are found
• All is ruin, trees are destroyed
• The land is not light dark
• Some speculate that the rest of the plagues are a
  result of the Nile flooding
• The tenth biblical plague against Egypt fits with
  what is known about the death of Amenhotep IIs
  firstborn son

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Plague 1 Nile into Blood HapiSpirit of the
Nile

• Hapi was in male form well-developed, almost
  female, breasts. He was a personification of the
  waters of the Nile.

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Plague 1 Osiris God of the Underworld Giver
of Life.

• Osiris Appearance A mummified man wearing a
  white cone-like headdress with feathers
• The Nile was his bloodstream.

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Plague 2 FrogsHeqt goddess of birth

• The Egyptians believed the frog was the symbol of
  the life-giving power-goddess, Heka. She was the
  goddess who oversaw the women, the mid-wives, who
  helped women have babies. She was thought to blow
  the breath of life into the nostrils.
• Egyptians often had little statutes of frogs on
  their night-stands.
• The killing of a frog punishable by death!

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Plague 3 LiceSand/ flies.Geb was the earth
god

• Appearance Man lying down below the arch of the
  sky goddess Nut.
• This plague would have been an embarrassment to
  Geb,. Egyptians gave offerings to Geb for the
  bounty of the soil -- yet it was from "the dust
  of the soil" that this plague originated.
• Priests shave hair, impure with lice unable to
  perform sacred tasks or beseech their gods for
  help!

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Sekhmet was the goddess of war.

• Sekhmet 'The Powerful One' Appearance
• Woman with the head of a lioness
• Not much help in the Red Sea crossing!

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Plague 1 2Sobek was a Nile god.

• Sobek Appearance Man with the head of a
  crocodile and a headdress of feathers and a
  sun-disk. . Live crocodiles were kept in pools at
  temples built to honour Sobek.

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Plague 1 Khnum the Guardian of Nile

• Appearance Man with the head of a curly-horned
  ram Khnum was a creator god.

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Plague 3 SwarmsAmon-Ra King of the Gods

• As a scarab beetle pushes a round ball of dung in
  front of it, the Egyptians pictured Ra as a
  scarab pushing the sun across the sky.
• Swarms of Scarabs, with teeth that were more
  destructive than termites!

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Plague 5 Hathor Goddess of love Sacred
Cow.

• Perhaps Hathor's most famous manifestation is as
  a cow. . Even when appearing as a woman, she
  often sports a cow's head or at least a pair of
  cow ears,, the nourishing, generosity of the cow
  is always readily available under the surface

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Plague 5- CattleHathor Mother Goddess

• Appearance Woman with the ears of a cow. Had
  a headdress of horns and a sun disk Hathor was
  a protective goddess. She was also the goddess of
  love and joy.

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Plague 5 CattleSacred Cows

• Priests of the bull cults identified a sacred
  bull by its very specific markings (described
  below). Once the bull was proclaimed to be a god
  incarnate, it was taken to the temple compound
  where it was purified, stabled in majestic
  quarters, fed the best foods, and given a herd of
  the finest cows.

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Plague 5 CattleThe Apis Bull Cult
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Plague 5 AnimalsBast The Cat Goddess of Love

• Also would kill cats which were worshipped.

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All Plagues she did not help!Bastet Protective
goddess

• Appearance Woman with the head of a cat
• The cat was a symbol of Bastet. The ancient
  Egyptians made many statues of cats like this one
  to honour Bastet.

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Plague 6 BoilsImhotep the god of medicine

• He was also associated with Thoth and became a
  patron of wisdom and medicine. Miraculous cures
  were often attributed to him.

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Plague 7 Hail came from the sky

• Where was Nut the Sky Goddess?
• Appearance Woman whose body arches across the
  sky, wearing a dress decorated with stars.

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7 Plague of HailSeth protector of crops

• Appearance Man with the head of an animal'

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Plague 7-8 Hail and LocustSeth protector of
Crops

• God of thunder and storm.
• Why allow Hail and Locusts?

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Plague 7-8 Hail Locusts Shu God of the
wind

• Solar deity son of Ra and Hathor.
• God of air and the atmosphere.

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Plague 8 LocustsWhere was Isis?

• Goddess of life and nature.

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Plague 9- DarknessAten Form of Sun God

• Appearance
• A sun disk with rays which end in hands

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Plague 10 Nekhebet Protector of Royal children

• Nekhebet (Nekhbet)
• A guardian goddess who looked after children and
  mothers.She protected and suckled the royal
  children.

• She is shown hovering over the Pharaoh in
  vulture-form, holding a fly-whisk and a seal

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10 Osiris God of the Underworld Giver of
Life.

• Why was Osiris unable to save all the first born
  children?

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Plague 10Bes Protector of the family

• Bes Appearance Dwarf with lion and human
  features, wearing the skin of a lion
• Bes was the protector of pregnant women, newborn
  babies and the family.

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Preparing for the Tenth Plague (111-10)

• God informs Moses of one final plague on Pharaoh
  Amenhotep II and upon Egypt (111-3)
• After this, Pharaoh will let the Israelites go
• Will be driven out of Egypt completely
• Directs the people to prepare
• Moses delivers the message to the Pharaoh
  (114-10)
• Every first born son in Egypt is to die,
  including that of the Pharaoh and even the cattle
• Israel will be spared
• Still Pharaoh Amenhotep would not listen

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Review

• Reviewed last weeks lesson
• Learned about the historical timeline of Exodus
  5-11
• Learned about Pharaohs response to Moses
  request to free the Israelites
• Learned about Moses and Aarons mission from God
  to Pharaoh
• Learned about the 10 plagues that impact upon
  Egypt and how God uses them to punish Pharaoh
• Saw how the plagues align with mythological gods
  worshipped by the Egyptians
• Next week Gods Redemption- Exodus 121-1316