Social

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Social Emotional Development
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S E Development in Infants

• Failure to thrive lack of attention and love
  causes infants to fail to grow and develop
  physically, can cause brain to be 20-30 smaller
  than average (study of orphanages)
• Attachment- physical contact builds bond between
  baby and caregiver and is crucial in emotional
  development of the child
• first few months of life is most critical, and
  attachment is not fully formed until age 2 or 3

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Attachment Disorders

• When infants and young children have consistent
  and loving care they build a secure attachment.
• Insecure attachment affects all aspects of their
  development throughout their life. It is often
  misdiagnosed as ADHD, depression or other
  conditions.
• It can be treated and repaired the earlier the
  better!

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• Causes of Insecure Attachment handout
• Symptoms of Insecure Attachment handout

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Emotional Development from 1 to 3

• General Emotional Patterns
• 18 months
• self-centered- think about own needs and wants
  not those of others
• negativism- doing opposite of what others want
• Desire for independence
• Frustration
• Childs realization of being separate person
• Use positive guidance to combat negativism
• Give choices
• Redirect child
• Encourage talking
• Temper tantrums- release of anger or frustration
  by screaming, crying, kicking, pounding sometimes
  holding breath

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• 2 years
• Speech and motor skills improve reducing
  frustration
• Expresses love and affection freely
• Seeks approval and praise
• Easier to reason with and get along better
• 2 ½ years
• Learn so much feel overwhelmed
• Want to do something not physically capable of
• Drive for independence
• Sensitive about being bossed, help, shown,
  directed
• Rapid mood change
• Need consistency
• Independent and dependent

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• 3 years
• Sunny cooperative
• Learning to be considerate
• More physically capable
• More willing to take directions
• Modify behavior to win praise and affection
• Reasoned with and controlled with words
• 3 ½ years
• Insecure
• fears common
• Emotional tension and insecurity often show up in
  physical ways
• Start habits
• Stumble or stutter

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Specific emotions

• Anger
• Younger use physical older use words
• Respond in controlled way
• Fear
• separation anxiety-fear of being away from
  parents familiar caregivers or their normal
  environment
• Help deal with fears
• Offer support and understanding
• Talk about fears and listen
• Accept fear avoid forcing child to confront it
• Read books about fear
• Make unfamiliar situations more secure
• Teach child how to control frightening situations

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• Jealousy
• Peaks at three
• sibling rivalry- competition between brothers or
  sisters for parents affection and attention
• Steps to cut down on sibling rivalry
• Make sure all children know that they are loved
  and appreciated
• Set aside time to spend with each child
• Avoid making comments that compare each other
• Encourage taking turns in decision making
• No tattling
• Love and affection
• Must learn to love
• Relationships in this age reflects on those in
  later years
• Should be strong but not smothering
• Empathy
• Between 1 and 1 1/2 children show empathy
• empathy- ability to put oneself in anothers
  place
• Caregiver needs to help develop

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Developing a positive self concept

• self-concept- how they see themselves
• What you think you are like as a person
• Children believe what you say about them
• mastery of skills add to self-esteem
• Evaluating emotional adjustment
• Early relationship with parents determines
• Signs of healthy relationships
• Child seeks approval and praise from parents
• Child turns to parents for comfort and help
• Child tells parents about significant events so
  that they may share in joy and sorrow
• Child accepts limits and discipline without
  unusual resistance

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Social Development from 1-3

• 18 months
• Developing independence from family
• Little real interaction with other children
• Can understand consequences

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• 2 years
• Good at understanding and interacting with main
  caregiver
• Can read moods
• Fun to have others around to play by
• Begin to understand idea of sharing and taking
  turns
• Like to please others
• Occasionally put needs of others before theirs
• 2 ½ years
• Negativism carries over into social
• Learning about rights of others
• Squabbles frequent but short

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• 3 years
• Share, help or do things another persons way to
  please them
• Can work together in small groups
• Parent still important, but not all-powerful in
  their social lives
• Prefer some companions over others
• 3 ½ years
• Complex and more conversation
• Share even if do not want, in order to make
  friends
• Close friends exclude others
• Notice what other children are like and compare

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• Making friends
• Ability to make friends important
• If unable or unwilling to make friend find out
  why
• Need contact at young age
• Become more comfortable and used to normal
  interaction from other children
• All children have disagreements step in if one
  child is going to be hurt or not matched fairly
• Imaginary friends
• Common age 3-4
• Can be helpful to work through situations

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• Promoting sharing
• One of first social skills learned
• Help develop social skills by
• Lead children to activities in which they need to
  share or take turns
• Limit material on hand so sharing is required
• When handing out things have children pass them
  out
• Make clear what behavior encouraging sharing or
  taking turns

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Emotional Development 4-5

• General emotional patterns
• 4 years
• Self-centered, impatient, defiant, boastful
• Often argue and compete
• Bossier
• Need and seek parental approval
• Wash and dress themselves
• Proud of accomplishments abilities, possessions,
  and creations
• Enjoy when people laugh at their jokes but not
  them

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• 5 years
• more practical, sympathetic, and serious
• Improved attention span, can finish what started
• Increasingly realistic
• Enjoy humor, carry on real discussions, ask
  meaningful questions
• Conform to rules more easily
• Adult criticism very hard
• More patient, generous, persistent and
  conscientious

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• Specific emotions
• Caregivers accept and help identify all emotions
• Self-confidence improved as find success
• initiative- motivation to accomplish more
• Anger
• 4 years
• Physically fighting
• Lasts longer
• Threaten to get even
• 5 years
• Try to hurt others feelings

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Social and Moral Development 4-6

• - 4 years
• Form friendships with playmates
• Cooperative play mostly
• Groups 3-4
• Share and take turns
• Fighting common
• Family still more important
• Ask for approval
• Look to adults if things go wrong

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• - 5 years
• More outgoing and talkative
• Groups 5-6
• Play is more complicated
• Quarreling less frequent
• Name calling and wild threats
• More respect for others belongings
• Concerned about what friends say and do
• Dont like to be different and fear ridicule
• Gossip begins
• Discuss that it can be harmful