10th American History Unit IV- A Champion of Democracy

1
10th American HistoryUnit IV- A Champion of
Democracy

• Chapter 14
• Section 3
• The War in the Pacific

2
(No Transcript)
3
The War in the Pacific

• The Main Idea
• After early defeats in the Pacific, the United
  States gained the upper hand and began to fight
  its way island by island to Japan.
• Reading Focus
• Why did the Allies experience a slow start in the
  Pacific?
• How did the Allies bring about a shift in their
  fortunes in the Pacific?
• What were the major events that marked Allied
  progress in the late stages of the Pacific war?

4
(No Transcript)
5
A Slow Start in the Pacific

• The attack on Pearl Harbor did significant damage
  to the U.S. Pacific Fleet and it took months to
  overcome the attack.
• The Allies decided to focus their energy and
  resources on defeating the Axis in Europe.
• The Japanese won a quick string of impressive
  victories following Pearl Harbor.
• Drove American forces from Wake Island and Guam
• Captured the British stronghold at Hong Kong
• Took control of the Dutch East Indies (known as
  Indonesia today) and British Borneo
• Damaged the Allied navies in the Battle of Java
  Sea
• Conquered British-controlled Burma
• The Japanese soldiers were highly skilled and
  well trained.
• The Japanese military had excellent equipment.

6
Allied Strategy- 121
7
Active Defense in the Pacific

• 1942- Japanese controlled
• Gilbert and Solomon Islands
• Southern New Guinea
• Philippines
• Malaya
• Singapore
• Thailand
• Burma
• Allies- Active Defense
• Hold on to what remains to them.
• Need the bases.
• Secure Hawaii and Somoa
• Protect the Sea Lanes- Japan had few submarines.

8
A Slow Start for the Allies

• Why did the Allies experience a slow start in the
  Pacific?
• Identify What territories was Japan able to
  conquer early in World War II?
• Analyze In what ways did the Japanese attack on
  Pearl Harbor backfire?
• Evaluate Why do you think there was only a
  small American military force in the Philippines?

9
The Philippines
Japan invaded the American-controlled islands of
the Philippines in December 1941. General
Douglas MacArthur led the defense of the islands.
MacArthurs troops were no match for the Japanese
and he retreated to the Bataan Peninsula.
Although he called for reinforcements, war
planners decided sending ships was too risky.
In April 1942, the 10,000 American and 60,000
Filipino troops on Bataan surrendered.
Thousands of these captured soldiers died when
the Japanese forced them to march through the
steaming forests of Bataan. This became known as
the Bataan Death March.
10
Allied Advances in the Pacific
James Doolittle

• Army Lieutenant Colonel
• Led a group of 16 American bombers on a daring
  air raid of Tokyo and several other Japanese
  cities
• Doolittles raid did not do major damage to the
  Japanese targets, but it did give the American
  people something to celebrate and worried Japans
  leaders.

Fortunes Shift in the Pacific

• Victory in the Battle of Coral Sea
• Victory in the Battle of Midway

11
Doolittles Raid on Tokyo

• April 18, 1942
• Carrier launched B-52s attack Tokyo
• Not much damage but lifted U.S. morale.

12
James "Jimmy" Doolittle Pioneering Aviator and
Famed World War II Air Commander (0244)
13
Fortunes Shift in the Pacific

• Battle of Coral Sea
• Japan prepared to invade New Guinea.
• U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz sent two aircraft
  carriers to stop the attack.
• The Americans lost an aircraft carrier in the
  battle but stopped the Japanese attack.
• First time the Japanese advance had been halted

• Battle of Midway
• Japan tried to lure the Americans into a large
  sea battle around Midway Island.
• Naval officers had broken a Japanese code and
  learned of the plan.
• Nimitz devised a plan to thwart the attack and
  placed his 3 aircraft carriers carefully.
• The Americans destroyed 3 of the 4 Japanese
  carriers and won a major victory.

14
The Early War in the Pacific (0136)
15
Battle of the Coral Sea- May 78 , 1942

• Japanese- Adm. Yamamoto
• Force a major sea battle to destroy the Allied
  Pacific Fleet and invade Australia.
• Thus stop any Allied offensive against Japan.
• Historic Naval battle
• showed Modern Science
• Aircraft carrier v. aircraft carrier
• Tactical victory went to Japanese- The box
  score
• Strategic victory went to U.S.- forcing Japan to
  stop drive toward Australia.
• This was the first naval engagement to take place
  where the opposing ships never fired a shot at
  each other. Airplane bombers, fighters and
  torpedo bombers.

16
The Battle of Midway (0102)
17
Battle of Midway- 151
18
Battle of Midway- June 4-7, 1942

• Fought just a month after the Battle of the Coral
  Sea, Midway was the turning point of the Pacific
  Campaign
• Yamamotos secret plan to surprise the American
  ships at Midway
• With American ships destroyed,
• Japan could avenge the bombing of the Japanese
  home islands.
• Japan could plug the hole in their Eastern
  defensive perimeter and
• Japan could perhaps even invade and take Hawaii.
• The loss of four carriers stopped the expansion
  of the Japanese Empire in the Pacific, and put
  Japan on the defensive.
• Balance of naval power now shifts to the U.S.A.

19
Battle of Midway
Prior to this action, Japan possessed general
naval superiority over the United States and
could usually choose where and when to attack.
After Midway, the two opposing fleets were
essentially equals, and the United States soon
took the offensive.
20
Fortunes Shift in the Pacific

• How did the Allies bring about a shift in their
  fortunes in the Pacific?
• Recall How much damage did Doolittle inflict on
  Tokyo?
• Identify Cause and Effect What were the
  long-range effects of the U.S. air attack on
  Tokyo and other Japanese Cities?

21
Fortunes Shift in the Pacific

• Explain What is the significance of the Battle
  of the Coral Sea?
• Summarize How did the Japanese plan to destroy
  what remained?
• Evaluate How important was breaking Japanese
  codes to the overall success of the Allied forces?

22
Allied Progress in the Pacific

• Gained control of territory in the Solomon
  Islands to protect Australia
• Used powerful combination of land, sea, and air
  forces to capture key islands
• Captured locations in the Gilbert, Marshall,
  Caroline, and Mariana islands
• Took advantage of American industrial power by
  replacing ships and aircrafts, which Japan was
  unable to do
• European successes allowed more resources to be
  made available in the Pacific.
• Recaptured the Philippines
• Captured strategic Japanese islands of Iwo Jima
  and Okinawa

23
(No Transcript)
24
The United States Military "Island Hops" Towards
Japan (0058)
25
General MacArthur Supreme Allied Commander of
the Southwest Pacific Theater in WWII (0233)
26
The Allies Make Progress

• Guadalcanal
• Allies wanted to gain control of the Solomon
  Islands to protect Australia.
• Key goal was the capture of an island called
  Guadalcanal
• American forces fought for 6 months and finally
  defeated the Japanese.

• Navajo Code Talkers
• Hundreds of Native Americans of the Navajo nation
  served in the Marines as code talkers.
• They translated messages into a coded version of
  the Navajo language.
• Japanese code-breakers never figured it out.

• The Philippines
• First major battle was the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
• The Allies destroyed most of Japans fleet.
• Japanese began using the kamikaze attack.
• After months of fighting, the Allies gained
  control of the Philippines.

27
August, 1942 The Attack on Guadalcanal (0107)
28
Battle for Guadalcanal - Aug. 7, 1942
On August 8th, 1942, the Americans began their
first counter-attack in the Pacific. The fight
for the island was long and bitter, with both
sides attempting to reinforce their troops. The
American forces, however, were victorious.
Finally, in February 1943, the island was
secured. The naval battle at Guadalcanal, lasting
six months from August, 1942, to February, 1943,
was the longest sea battle in history. Iron
Bottom Sound was filled with some 100 sunken
ships. Disease played a major role in troop
effectiveness.
29
(No Transcript)
30
Navajo Code Talkers

• The Code Talker's primary job was to talk and
  transmit information on tactics, troop movements,
  orders and other vital battlefield information
  via telegraphs and radios in their native
  dialect.  A major advantage of the code talker
  system was its speed.
• Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Peleliu, Iwo Jima the
  Navajo code talkers took part in every assault
  the U.S. Marines conducted in the Pacific from
  1942 to 1945.
• They served in all six Marine divisions, Marine
  Raider battalions and Marine parachute units,
  transmitting messages by telephone and radio in
  their native language -- a code that the Japanese
  never broke.

31
World War II Navajo Code Talkers in the United
States Military (0233)
32
Leyte Gulf and the Philippines

• The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval
  battle in history.
• It was fought during the Pacific Theatre of
  Operations PTO of World War II, in the seas
  surrounding the Philippine island of Leyte from
  23 October to 26 October 1944
• Between the Allies and the Empire of Japan.
• "The Japanese fleet had effectively ceased to
  exist, and, except by land-based aircraft, their
  opponents had won undisputed command of the sea.
  When Admiral Ozawa was questioned on the battle
  after the war he replied 'After this battle the
  surface forces became strictly auxiliary, so that
  we relied on land forces,  special Kamikaze
  attack,  and air power . .  there was no further
  use assigned to surface vessels,  with the
  exception of some special ships.' 

33
Japanese Kamikaze Pilots (0034)
34
Leyte Gulf and the Philippines
At the start
Losses
35
The Allies Make Progress

• What were the major events that marked Allied
  progress in the late stages of the Civil War?
• Describe What was Guadacanal?
• Analyze Why were the Solomon Island important
  to both Japan and the United States?
• Elaborate Why do you think the Americans wanted
  to capture Guadacanal?

36
The Allies Make Progress

• Identify What was the largest naval battle
  fought during the war?
• Evalate How did the Japanese kamkaze attacks
  affect the psychological side of the war?

37
The Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa (0107)
38
Iwo Jima's Strategic Location and the Initial
Invasion (0356)
39
Iwo Jima and Okinawa

• Explain What was significant about the Battle
  of Iwo Jima?
• Predict What do you think might have happened
  if Japanese troops had surrendered on Okinawa and
  Iwo Jima?