AMA 178 Anatomy

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AMA 178 - Anatomy Physiology/Medical
Terminology/Pathology 9 Cardiovascular System
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Function

• Composed of the heart, a powerful muscular pump,
  and blood vessels that send oxygen and nutrients
  to all parts of the body via the bloodstream.
• Waste products are also eliminated from body
  tissues via the bloodstream.

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Structure of the Cardiovascular System Blood
vessels

• Three types of blood vessels arteries, veins and
  capillaries
• Arteries large blood vessels that carry oxygen
  rich blood away from the heart
• Veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart from
  the tissues, and waste products to other systems
  of the body to be released
• Capillaries delicate, microscopic vessels that
  carry nutrient rich, oxygenated blood from the
  arteries to the body cells

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Blood Circulation

• Pulmonary Circulation
• Oxygen poor blood from body tissues enters the
  right side of the heart via the venae cavae (2
  large veins) where it travels into the pulmonary
  artery (only artery in the body that carries
  oxygen poor blood) this branches into two
  sections, one to each lung.
• Blood passes into the pulmonary capillaries where
  it picks up oxygen rich blood and then goes back
  through the heart to be pumped to all areas of
  the body.

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Blood Circulation

• Systemic Circulation
• Oxygen rich blood enters the left side of the
  heart from the pulmonary veins.
• Blood is pumped via the aorta (largest artery in
  the body) to other arteries that branch out to
  all parts of the body via tissue capillaries near
  body cells, where nutrients are broken down in
  the presence of oxygen and energy is released.
• This chemical process releases carbon dioxide as
  a waste product this is taken back to the lungs
  and the body releases it via exhalation.
• Other wastes are taken by the veins to be
  eliminated by other systems in the body.

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Structure of the Cardiovascular System Heart

• Located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
  
• Weighs less than a pound and is about the size of
  a human fist.
• It is a pump consisting of four chambers and four
  valves its action is controlled by electrical
  impulses initiating in the cardiac muscle tissue.

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Anatomy of the Heart

• Atria upper chambers of the heart
• Ventricles lower chambers of the heart
• Superior vena cava drains deoxygenated blood
  from the upper portion of the body
• Inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood
  from the lower portion of the body
• Tricuspid valve valve between the right atrium
  and right ventricle
• Pulmonary valve valve between the right
  ventricle and the pulmonary artery
• Mitral valve valve between the left atrium and
  left ventricle
• Aortic valve valve between the left ventricle
  and the aorta

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Two Phases of the Heartbeat

• Cardiac cycle occurs 70-80 times a minute
  (100,000 times a day). Heart pumps approximately
  3 ounces of blood with each contraction (5 quarts
  a minute)
• Diastole relaxation ventrical walls relax and
  blood flows into heart from the venae cavae and
  pulmonary veins
• Systole contraction ventrical walls contract
  pumping blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
  to all parts of the body

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Conduction System of the Heart

• Electrical impulse originates in a small region
  of specialized muscle tissue (SA node) and is
  sent in waves through the heart causing
  contraction of ventricals
• Sinoatrial node (SA node) pacemaker of the
  heart generates current of electricity that
  causes atria to contract fording blood into the
  ventricles
• Atrioventricular node (AV node) electrical
  impulse goes here from the SA node and on to the
  bundles
• Bundle of His bundle of specialized fibers that
  send impulse to the left and right bundle
  branches
• Left Right bundle branches form the conduction
  myofibers (electrical muscle tissue) that extend
  through ventricle walls and stimulate them to
  contract.

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