Anatomy of the Urinary System

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Anatomy of the Urinary System

• Organ System Cluster

Prepared by Maria Michaela Valenzuela, PTRP
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Enumerate the organs of the urinary system.
• Describe the essential gross features of each
  organ.
• Identify the major function of each organ of the
  urinary system.
• Determine the location of the various urinary
  system organs based on the regions and quadrants
  of the abdomen.

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References

• Seeley, R., Stephens, T., and Tate, P., Anatomy
  Physiology. 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..

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Organs of the Urinary System

• Kidneys
• Renal Artery Vein
• Ureter
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra

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External Anatomy of the Kidneys

• Bean shaped retroperitoneal structures on the
  posterior abdominal wall
• T12 L3
• R is slightly lower than the (L)
• 130 g, 11 cm long, 5 cm wide

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External Anatomy of the Kidneys

• Renal capsule as covering
• Perirenal fat for shock absorption
• Renal fascia as anchor to abdominal wall
• Renal Hilum for entry exit of structures

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Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys

• Outer cortex
• Inner medulla
• Renal Sinus
• Renal Pyramids
• Renal Papillae
• Minor Major Calyces
• Renal Pelvis

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Nephron

• Histological Functional unit of the kidneys

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Nephron

• Renal (Bowmans) Corpuscle
• Enlarged end
• Proximal Tubules
• Loop of Henle
• Ascending Descending
• Collecting Ducts
• Cortical medullary

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Cortical Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Cortical Juxtamedullary
85 of total nephrons 15 of total nephrons
Lie superficially Lie near the medulla
Short loops of Henle Long loops of henle
(-) Vasa Recta () Vasa Recta
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Glomerular Capsule

• Bowmans Capsule
• Extensive vascular supply from glomerular
  capillary bed
• Layers
• Parietal
• Visceral layer filtration membrane

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Filtration Membrane

• Capillary Endothelium with fenestrations
• Basement membrane
• Foot processes of Podocytes forming filtration
  slits

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Proximal Tubule

• Convoluted straight part
• Simple cuboidal cells
• Microvilli brush border
• Tight junctions
• Numerous mitochondria

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Descending Loop of Henle

• Thin segment
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Less microvilli
• Less mitochondria

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Ascending Loop of Henle

• Thick segment
• Simple cuboidal epithelium
• Tighter tight junctions

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Distal tubules

• Simple cuboidal cells
• Sparse microvilli
• Numerous mitochondria

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Collecting Ducts

• Cortical Medullary
• 2 types of cells
• Principal
• Intercalated

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Vascular Supply of the Kidneys

1. Renal Artery
2. Segmental artery
3. Interlobar artery
4. Arcuate Artery
5. Interlobular artery
6. Afferent Arteriole
7. Glomerular Capillary
8. Efferent Arteriole

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Vascular Supply of the Kidneys

• Peritubular Capillary
• Vasa Recta
• Interlobular Vein
• Arcuate Vein
• Interlobar Vein
• Renal Vein

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Ureters

• Urine flow from kidneys to the urinary bladder
• Extend inferiorly medially to obliquely enter
  the urinary bladder at its posterolateral surface

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Urinary Bladder

• Hollow muscular container in the pelvic cavity
• ?anterior to vagina, anteroinferior to uterus
• ?anterior to rectum

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Urinary Bladder

• Trigone
• Rugae to allow expansion
• Detrussor Muscle for emptying

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Urethra Urinary Spincters

• Urethra for exit of urine from bladder
• Internal Urinary sphincter
• External Urinary spincter continuous with pelvic
  floor

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