Unit 4 Regents Review

1
Unit 4 Regents Review

• 1750 1914 Overview
• (Practice Questions up thrugh June 2013)

2
Agrarian Revolution
Landless Farmers need new job and new home
(move to cities)

• 1600s Enclosure Mvmt. by 1700s more popular in
  England

Food Surplus

• 1701 Jethro Tulls
• Seed Drill (followed by
• tools for reaping and
• chemical fertilizers)

1720s Good Weather in England
1730 Townshend suggest clover for crop rotation
(no longer fallow)
New High Yield Crops potatoes, corn turnips
and beets
3
Results of Agrarian Revolution
4
August 2012

• In the early 18th century, the Agricultural
• Revolution in Great Britain resulted in
• urbanization because
• (1) enslaved persons replaced free laborers on
  farms
• (2) factory work strengthened extended families
• (3) displaced rural workers migrated to find jobs
• (4) the middle class decreased in size

5
First vs. Second Industrial Revolutions

• First Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) new
  agricultural methods, textiles, railroads, iron,
  and coal.
• Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) steel,
  chemicals, electricity, telephone, automobile and
  petroleum (Whitney standardized parts)

6
Industrial Revolution - Cause

• Shift from Cottage/Domestic Industry (people make
  at home) to Factory System.
• Cause Rising Population due to Agrarian
  Revolution.
• Started with Textiles (Flying Shuttle, Spinning
  Jenny)

7
England Industrialized First

• Good Harbors
• Natural Supply of Coal and Iron
• Loose govt regulations (laissez-faire Wealth
  of Nations Adam Smith 1776) with political
  stability
• Lots of capital to invest due to colonies in
  Americas

8
August 2011

• Irregular coastline
• Abundant mineral resources
• Large labor force
• Investment capital
• Which country had these characteristics and used
• them to industrialize in the 1700s?
• (1) Germany (3) Great Britain
• (2) Italy (4) Japan

9
January 2012

• A major reason the Industrial Revolution
• developed in Great Britain in the 1700s was
• because of Great Britains
• (1) geographic features
• (2) immigration policies
• (3) use of collectivization
• (4) access to imported oil

10
Jan 2014

• Which geographic feature most aided England
• during the Industrial Revolution?
• (1) desert climate
• (2) natural harbors
• (3) mountainous terrain
• (4) monsoon winds

11
Results of Industrial Revolution

• Urbanization
• Use of Women Children as Labor
• Pollution
• New Energy water, coal, and electricity
• New Transportation canal, trains, cars, planes
• Imperialism

• New Social Class middle (bourgeoisie) and lower
  factory worker (proletariat)
• Wealth now based on factory ownership (capitalist)

12
Power
13
January 2011

• Which pair of natural resources were used to
  change transportation and manufacturing in Great
  Britain during the Industrial Revolution?
• (1) gold and salt
• (2) diamonds and petroleum
• (3) copper and tin
• (4) coal and iron ore

14
Feminism (suffrage)
New Labor Forces (children women
Factories
Labor Unions
Industrial Pollution
Factory Act
Health Boards
1848 Revolutions
Charles Dickens/ Karl Marx
Pasteur discovers germs
HealthCodes
15
Transportation
Suez canal opened in 1869 Erie in 1825)
Stephenson, Rocket, 1830 Fulton, steamboat,
1807 Daimler, internal combustion engine 1885
(Ford assembly line 1905 Model T) Wright,
airplane, 1903
16
India
Terms to Know British East India Co. 1700s Sepoy
Mutiny 1857 Gandhi Amritsar Home Rule
(1948) Pakistan/India (Kashmir) Benefits
educations, industry, railroad
Mercantalism
17
Karl Marx

• Disliked what he saw in factories
• Wrote Communist Manifesto 1848
• proletariat (working class) needs to rise up
  against bourgeoisie (factory owner)
• Overthrow of capitalist system
• Will inspire Russian (Bolshevik)/Communist
  Revolution

18
Dickens Darwin

• Dickens wrote Bleak House and Oliver Twist about
  the horrors of the industrial revolution child
  labor, crime, etc
• Darwin wrote about how Europeans were justified
  in conquering other countries because of the
  survival of the fittest mentality
• Malthus wrote about population control would be
  natural based on the fact that the world could
  only feed so much rest will starve natural
  way of things

19
Quotes for next question Aug 10

• Speaker A If the rate of population growth
• continues to exceed the growth in the food
  supply, there will not be enough food for all of
  the people.
• Speaker B There are people who are wealthy and
• people who are poor. This is just how
• things are.
• Speaker C History is the story of class
  struggle.
• Eventually, the working class will rise up and
  revolt against the wealthy.
• Speaker D The government should do what is best
• for most of its people.

20
August 2010 with previous

• Which speaker best represents the views of Karl
  Marx?
• (1) A (3) C
• (2) B (4) D

To which situation are these speakers most
likely reacting? (1) growth of Zionism (2) rise
of industrialization (3) division of Africa (4)
formation of military alliances
21
August 2013

• During the 1800s, the writings of Marx, Engels,
  and Dickens focused attention on the problems
  faced by
• (1) factory owners (3) farm laborers
• (2) investment bankers (4) industrial workers

22
August 2012

• A key idea in the Communist Manifesto by Karl
  Marx and Friedrich Engels is that workers should
  support the
• (1) overthrow of the capitalist system
• (2) establishment of labor unions
• (3) legislative regulation of wages and working
  conditions
• (4) technological changes in production methods

23
January 2012

• What is a major belief associated with Marxism?
• (1) The proletariat would rise up and overthrow
  the bourgeoisie.
• (2) Religion should be more important than
  political forces.
• (3) Private ownership of property should be
  expanded.
• (4) Peasants would gain control of overseas
  markets.

24
June 2013

• The belief that workers of the world would unite
  to overthrow their oppressors is central to
• (1) Social Darwinism
• (2) Marxism
• (3) conservatism
• (4) laissez-faire capitalism

25
January 2013

• The workers in industrial countries must create a
  revolution, overthrow the existing governments
  using force if necessary, and then create a new
  classless society.
• This statement expresses the views of
• (1) Mikhail Gorbachev (3) Karl Marx
• (2) Jomo Kenyatta 4) Kemal Atatürk

26
June 2012

• According to Thomas Malthus, the rate of increase
  for human populations in relation to the rate of
  increase for food production was a problem.
  Malthus believed that
• (1) industrial development would severely limit
  population growth
• (2) famine and war were natural checks on
  population growth
• (3) countries with larger populations would
  conquer countries with smaller populations
• (4) food production would increase at a faster
  rate than populations would

27
Irish Potato Famine

• 1848 Potato Famine
• Irish had become use to eating potatoes that they
  had gotten from Columbian Exchange (Latin
  America)
• Blight (disease) struck potato
• Famine led to the mass migration of Irish to
  United States

28
January 2014

• Mass starvation in Ireland in the 1840s led
  directly to the
• (1) formation of communes
• (2) granting of independence
• (3) migration of people overseas
• (4) usage of petrochemical fertilizers

29
January 2010

• Many critics believe that the policy of the
  British government during the Irish Famine
• (1) contributed to food shortages
• (2) ignored military concerns
• (3) discouraged emigration
• (4) led directly to civil war

30
January 2013

• The mass emigration of the Irish in the mid-19th
  century was primarily a result of
• (1) mandatory military service
• (2) famine
• (3) civil war
• (4) farm mechanization

31
June 2011

• One reason for the mass migration of many Irish
  to North America in the 19th century was
• (1) a series of crop failures
• (2) enforcement of a military draft
• (3) civil war in Ireland
• (4) an outbreak of malaria

32
June 2013

• One way in which the Industrial Revolution in
• Great Britain in the 18th century and the potato
  blight in Ireland in the 19th century are similar
  is that they both led directly to
• (1) significant human migrations
• (2) more equitable distribution of wealth
• (3) growth in the number of subsistence farmers
• (4) rapid increases in food production

33
Changes in Social and Gender Structure

• Emancipation of Serfs (Alexander II) and Slaves
  (Lincoln) (1860s)
• Increase in Womens Rights and desire for
  suffrage (right to vote) in 1848 Seneca Falls,
  NY
• Increased birth control in European world.

34
Social StructurePost-Industrial Europe
Industrial Tycoons Bankers
Doctors, lawyers
Artisans, Clerks
Laborers Factories Farms
35
June 2012

• During the Industrial Revolution, which
  development resulted from the other three?
• (1) Factory conditions affected peoples health.
• (2) Labor unions were formed.
• (3) Unskilled laborers received low wages.
• (4) Machinery replaced workers.

36
August 2010

• What was a result of the Industrial Revolution in
  Europe?
• (1) the growth of the middle class
• (2) an increase in nomadic herding
• (3) a decline in urban population
• (4) a decrease in international trade

37
French Revolution 1879-1805 - Causes

• inequality of Estates General (3rd estate had to
  pay taxes), bread famine, expenses of Louis XVI
  and Antoinette Palace of Versailles,
• Enlightenment Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau
• American and British (Glorious) Revolutions were
  examples

38
January 2010

• Under the Old Regime in France, the burden of
  taxation fell mostly on the
• (1) monarchy (3) nobles
• (2) Clergy (4) commoners

39
January 2012

• Which issue was a cause of the French Revolution?
• (1) ineffective rule of Napoleon Bonaparte
• (2) nationalization of the Church
• (3) outrage over the use of the guillotine by the
• Committee of Public Safety
• (4) demand of the Third Estate for more political
  power

40
January 2014

• One way in which the caste system in traditional
  India and the Estates system of pre-revolutionary
  France are similar is that
• (1) occupations were attained by merit
• (2) social mobility was very limited
• (3) status was determined by education
• (4) impact on the daily lives of people was
  minimal

41
French Revolution Events

• Storming of Bastille
• Declaration of Rights of Man (Constitution) made
  at Tennis Court Oath
• Reign of Terror Robespierre (leader of
  Committee of Public Safety) used guillotine to
  kill nobles including Louis XVI and wife Marie
  Antoinette

42
January 2011

• Angry Mob Destroys Bastille
• Robespierres Execution Ends Reign of Terror
• Napoleon Seizes Power
• Which countrys revolution is referred to in
  these headlines?
• (1) Spain (3) France
• (2) Austria (4) Russia

43
June 2012

• Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are
• best known for
• (1) instituting the Reign of Terror
• (2) protecting freedom of religion
• (3) supporting the reign of King Louis XVI
• (4) sending French troops to fight in the
• American Revolution

44
August 2011

• Which event is most closely associated with the
  French Revolution?
• (1) Council of Trent
• (2) Thirty Years War
• (3) Reign of Terror
• (4) Paris Peace Conference

45
January 2011

• One way in which King Louis XVI of France and
  Czar Nicholas II of Russia are similar is that
  both
• (1) were executed by revolutionaries
• (2) were known as great military leaders
• (3) advocated religious reform
• (4) supported the emancipation of serfs

46
June 2011

• The French Revolution is most important for
  having changed subjects to citizens.
• This statement emphasizes the shift from
• (1) religious traditions to secular values
• (2) divine right rule to peoples participation
  in government
• (3) rural lifestyles to urban lifestyles
• (4) private property ownership to government
• ownership

47
French Revolution - Result

• Napoleon Bonaparte created Napoleonic Code of
  Law and fixed prices on food
• Created Grand Embassy took out much of Europe
  except Russia who used scorched earth policy
  and cold climate to defeat Napoleon, ended at
  Waterloo. Russia was also too large to defeat

48
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49
August 2010

• The invasions of Russia by France in 1812 and by
• Germany in World War II were unsuccessful in
• part because of the
• (1) Russian alliances with China
• (2) harsh climatic conditions in Russia
• (3) inexperience of French and German military
  leaders
• (4) failure of France and Germany to develop
  modern weapons

50
June 2011

• Which geographic condition contributed to the
  defeat of Napoleons troops during the invasion
  of Russia?
• (1) drought (3) severe flooding
• (2) typhoons (4) harsh winter

51
Jan 2014

• One way in which Robespierre and Louis XVI of
• France are similar is that both
• (1) were removed from power during the French
  Revolution
• (2) adopted ideas of the Congress of Vienna
• (3) implemented policies of religious tolerance
• (4) decreased government control of the
• economy

52
January 2010

• One way in which Robespierre and Napoleon are
  similar is that they both
• (1) played an important role at the Congress of
  Vienna
• (2) increased their power during the French
• Revolution
• (3) were executed for treason by French
• monarchs
• (4) led armies against the Haitians

53
August 2010

• . . Things are so high, poor people cry, Such
  times was neer before, For everything is raised
  in price
• To carry on the War. . . .
• John Wilson, A New Song on the Dear Times
• In this song published in the 1850s, the
  songwriter is complaining about
• (1) unemployment (3) depression
• (2) quotas (4) inflation

54
August 2012

• What was one factor that caused Napoleons
• invasion of Russia and Hitlers invasion of
  Russia to be unsuccessful?
• (1) poorly trained military forces
• (2) a lack of alliances
• (3) harsh winter climate
• (4) mountainous terrain

55
January 2013

• Which factor aided Russian troops in defeating
  Napoleons armies and Soviet forces in defeating
  Hitlers armies?
• (1) severe winters
• (2) mountain passes
• (3) superior air forces
• (4) United Nations peacekeepers

56
August 2010

• Which of these events related to the French
• Revolution occurred first?
• (1) Napoleon became emperor of France.
• (2) The Declaration of the Rights of Man was
• issued.
• (3) Louis XVI called the Estates General into
• session.
• (4) The Committee of Public Safety led the
• Reign of Terror.

57
Latin American

• Mexico 1810/1910 (Hidalgo priest stirred
  mestizos Morelos, landed elite led by caudillos
  abusive under Porfirio Diaz, Emiliano Zapata
  demands land redistribution constitution in 1917

• Cause
• 1. Growing sense of national identity same as
  US
• 2. Local resentment of Spanish/Portuguese
  economic policies same as US
• 3. Frustration of American born Creole upper and
  middle class
• 4. Spark/catalyst was Napoleons conquest of
  Spain
• Haiti Toussaint LOuverture (1803) slave
  uprising
• Columbia Simon Bolivar created Grand Columbia

58
Social Structure of the Spanish Colonies
Fewer People
Most Power
Peninsulares People born in Spain
Generally Educated, but lacked power
Creoles People of European descent
Born in the colonies
Viceroys- Spanish Governors of colonies
Mestizos People of Native American
and European Descent
Mulattoes People of mixed African and European
descent
Peons - Native Americans African Descent
Least Power
Most People
59
January 2010

• The establishment of a parliamentary democracy in
  India and the establishment of Portuguese as the
  official language of Brazil indicates that
  European colonizers
• (1) influenced the culture of regions under their
  control
• (2) respected the governments of the indigenous
  peoples
• (3) promoted Protestant religions over native
  religions
• (4) studied local traditions before implementing
  policies

60
January 2011

• Porfirio Diaz, Francisco Pancho Villa, and
• Emiliano Zapata are best known for their
• struggles in the
• (1) Haitian independence movement
• (2) Mexican Revolution
• (3) Nicaraguan War
• (4) Cuban Revolution

61
January 2012

• Toussaint LOuverture
• Bernardo OHiggins
• José de San Martín
• These individuals had their greatest impact on
  the
• (1) unification of Italy
• (2) independence movements in Latin America
• (3) Zionist movement
• (4) Catholic Counter Reformation

62
August 2011

• A. Toussaint LOuverture declares Haiti
  independent.
• B. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
  Citizen is written in France.
• C. The thirteen colonies gain independence from
  Great Britain.
• D. Simón Bolívar frees Colombia from Spanish
  rule.
• What is the correct chronological order for these
  events?
• (1) A ? B ? D ? C (3) A ? D ? C ? B
• (2) C ? B ? A ? D (4) D ? C ? B ? A

63
January 2014

• One way in which Toussaint LOuverture, Simón
  Bolívar, and José de San Martín are similar is
  that they all were
• (1) supporters of mercantile policies
• (2) leaders of independence movements
• (3) democratically elected leaders
• (4) industrial labor reformers

64
June 2011

• Which title best completes this graphic
  organizer?
• (1) Reasons for Latin American Independence
• Movements
• (2) Impact of the Scientific Revolution
• (3) Causes of the Industrial Revolution
• (4) Results of Nationalism in Europe

65
June 2012

• What was one effect of the Latin American
  revolutions of the 19th century?
• (1) Democracy became the dominant political
  system in Latin America.
• (2) European colonialism replaced the independent
  governments of Latin America.
• (3) Many Latin American countries achieved
  independence.
• (4) Countries in Latin America deported most
  people with European ancestry

66
August 2012

• Which title best completes this partial outline?
• (1) Causes for Bismarcks Rise to Power
• (2) Factors of the Haitian Revolution
• (3) Results of the Munich Pact
• (4) Situations Contributing to the Zionist
  Movement

67
January 2013

• One way in which Toussaint LOuverture, Kwame
  Nkrumah, and Ho Chi Minh are similar is that each
  leader
• (1) opposed the role of the Roman Catholic Church
  in politics
• (2) established the first democratic government
  in his country
• (3) fought to free his country from European
  control
• (4) embraced the principles of civil disobedience

68
June 2013

• One way in which Miguel Hidalgo, Ho Chi Minh, and
  Jomo Kenyatta are similar is that they all were
• (1) leaders of independence movements
• (2) communist dictators
• (3) enlightened despots
• (4) advocates of liberation theology

69
August 2013

• With which event are Porfirio Díaz, Francisco
  Pancho Villa, and Emiliano Zapata associated?
• (1) Conquest of the Incas
• (2) Argentinian Dirty War
• (3) Mexican Revolution
• (4) Haitian coup détat

70
June 2013

• Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in
  Latin America?
• (1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin
  America.
• (2) Disputes over international boundaries
• within Latin America were settled by the pope.
• (3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were
• incorporated into the cultures of Latin America.
• (4) The Church provided Latin America with a
• strong central government.

71
June 2013

• Which geographic feature presented an obstacle to
  Simón Bolívars forces?
• (1) Sahara Desert (3) Great Rift Valley
• (2) Andes Mountains (4) Strait of Malacca

72
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73
Congress of Vienna - 1814

• Metternich
• Maintain balance of power (buffer state) Concert
  of Europe
• Restrain liberalism (Quadruple Alliance)

74
June 2011

• One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to
• (1) establish a new balance of power in Europe
• (2) protect Europe from Ottoman advances
• (3) end abuses within the Catholic Church
• (4) redraw the boundaries of Africa

75
German Nationalism

• Zollverein
• Frankfort Assembly (1848)
• Otto von Bismarck (Iron Chancellor) - 1860s-70s
• Militarism
• Favored monarchy
• Realpolitik Denmark, Austrian, Franco-Prussian
  War (1870 faked EMS telegram) Triple Alliance
• Kulturkampf

76
January 2011

• The slogan Blood and Iron and a united
• Germany are most closely associated with
• (1) Prince Metternich (3) Camillo Cavour
• (2) Simón Bolívar (4) Otto von Bismarck

77
August 2010

• The unification of Germany under Otto von
• Bismarck demonstrates the
• (1) influence of Marxist ideology
• (2) impact of nationalism
• (3) force of civil disobedience
• (4) power of democratic ideals

78
January 2013

• Appointment of Otto von Bismarck as Chancellor
• Austro-Prussian War, 1866
• Franco-Prussian War, 18701871
• These events led directly to
• (1) the unification of Germany
• (2) foreign rule in Italy
• (3) the rebellion of the Sepoys
• (4) an alliance between Serbs and Russians

79
Italian Unification

• Mazzini Young Italy (carbonari)
• Cavour North Italy (favored Victor Emmanuel II)
  w/plebiscites
• Garibaldi Red Shirts

80
June 2012

• The unification of Italy and the unification of
• Germany show that
• (1) socialism was an effective way of organizing
  the economy
• (2) nationalism could be used to consolidate
  political interests
• (3) colonialism could be used to spread European
  civilization
• (4) interdependence was a significant obstacle to
  waging war

81
Austrian Empire

• Multinational state of 11 ethnically distinct
  peoples Germans, Czechs, Hungarians (Magyars),
  Slovaks, Romanians, Serbians, and Italians.

Hungary and Bohemia want own legislature and
national army Demand for a liberal constitution
82
Ottoman Empire

• Greek Revolution 1820s
• Crimean War 1854
• Independence of Balkan Region Powder Keg of
  Europe (spreading influence of Austria-Hungary
  will create WWI) Pan-Slavism

83

• Which area of Europe was known as the Powder
  Keg of Europe prior to the outbreak
• of World War I?
• (1) A (3) C
• (2) B (4) D

84
January 2013

• Before 1914, nationalism in the Balkan Peninsula
  contributed to
• (1) resistance by ethnic groups to Austrian rule
• (2) campaigns by foreign diplomats against the
• use of trench warfare
• (3) the inability of countries to make reparation
  payments
• (4) the rejection of the Versailles Treaty by
  combatants

85
EuropeanNationalism
Source for Raw Materials
MissionaryActivity
Industrial Revolution
European Motives For Colonization
Markets forFinishedGoods
Military NavalBases
SocialDarwinism
Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul.
EuropeanRacism
HumanitarianReasons
Soc. Eco.Opportunities
WhiteMansBurden
86
African Imperialism - Causes

• Humanitarian Queen Victoria sponsored
  Livingstones missionary work, Kiplings White
  Mans Burden (social-Darwinian bias)
• Need for Raw Materials gold, rubber (Congo),
  cotton (Egypt), palm oil
• Nationalism Scramble for Africa (no longer
  expansion in Europe due to Congress of Vienna)
• Military Bases
• New Technology quinine, cartography, maxim
  machine gun, steam ships, telegraph

87
The White Man's Burden by Rudyard Kipling First
published in McClure's Magazine (Feb. 1899).
Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the
best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To
serve your captive's need To wait, in heavy
harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your
new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half
child. Take up the White Man's burden, And
reap his old reward-- The blame of those ye
better The hate of those ye guard-- The cry of
those ye humor (Ah, slowly!) toward the light--
"Why brought ye us from bondage, Our loved
Egyptian night?"
88
January 2010

• Spain mines silver in the Americas.
• The Dutch establish a colony in Southeast Asia.
• The English East India Company controls tea
• plantations in India.
• Which policy is most closely associated with
  these
• events?
• (1) pacifism (3) nonalignment
• (2) Mercantilism (4) containment

89
June 2013

• What was a major reason European nations
• competed for control of Africa during the second
  half of the 1800s?
• (1) Africa had a wealth of natural resources.
• (2) Slave labor was needed in the Americas.
• (3) African nations offered religious and
  political freedom.
• (4) Europeans needed land for their excess
• population.

90
January 2014

• One major reason European countries engaged in
  imperialism in the late 19th century was to
• (1) gain a better understanding of unknown
• territories
• (2) ease tensions with their rivals
• (3) develop treatments for diseases
• (4) obtain markets for their manufactured goods

91
Imperial Conflicts

• Scramble for Africa

• Cecil Rhodes de Beers Mining Company / Cape to
  Cairo Railroad.
• Zulu wars England wins due to better technology
• Boer War 1899-1902 between England and Dutch
  farmers (established apartheid to appease Dutch
  farmers)
• King Leopolds abuse of natives in Congo

92
Berlin Conference - 1885

• Called for by Otto von Bismarck
• Threat of King Leopolds Congo
• No Natives

93
January 2012

• The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant
  because it
• (1) promoted Belgium as a world power
• (2) established rules for the European division
  of Africa
• (3) called for a war against England
• (4) ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East

94
August 2011

• Which situation was a result of the 1884 Berlin
• Conference?
• (1) Africa was divided without regard to ethnic
  groups.
• (2) Monarchies were restored throughout Europe.
• (3) The slave trade with South America was
  eliminated.
• (4) The League of Nations was formed.

95
August 2013

• Which area of the world was most directly
• affected by the decisions made at the Berlin
• Conference?
• (1) Africa (3) India
• (2) China (4) South America

96
August 2010

• One reason the Suez Canal has been of strategic
• importance to countries other than Egypt was
• that the canal
• (1) allowed for faster movement between the North
  Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean
• (2) enabled Europeans to explore the Western
  Hemisphere
• (3) made it easier for Russia to gain control of
  Afghanistan
• (4) provided the Austro-Hungarian Empire with
• access to its colonies in South Asia

97
August 2010

• Much of which area of the world came under
• European colonial control in the 19th century?
• (1) Japan (3) Africa
• (2) Southwest Asia (4) Latin America

98
June 2013

• The 19th-century ideas of Social Darwinism and
  the White Mans Burden were often used to
  justify
• (1) isolationism (3) imperialism
• (2) appeasement (4) disarmament

99
June 2011

• Which statement best reflects an effect of
• imperialism in Africa?
• (1) Land was distributed equally between social
  classes.
• (2) Territorial divisions were primarily
  established using tribal boundaries.
• (3) Natural resources were exploited for the
• benefit of European powers.
• (4) Timbuktu became the center of great
• learning.

100
January 2010

• Which of these developments in Africa was a cause
  of the other three?
• (1) Rival tribal groups fought wars.
• (2) The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced
  colonial boundaries.
• (3) Traditional territories and culture groups
  were permanently fragmented.
• (4) African economies became dependent on the
• sale of cash crops and raw materials.

101
January 2010

• Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th
  century over the control of land in South Africa?
• (1) German and French
• (2) Indian and Belgian
• (3) British and Boer
• (4) Ethiopian and Italian

102
British East India Company

• Took advantage of religious conflicts of
  Hindus and Muslims.
• Founded in 1600 to sell Indian products
  such as cotton, silk, sugar and jute
• 1756 Robert Clive raised an army of native
  soldiers (sepoys) to support govts favorable to
  British East India Company.

• Commercial Colonialism controlled foreign
  trade and used native army to keep local rulers
  in power.

103
Sepoy Mutiny - 1857

• Rumor Started The rifle cartridges that were
  distributed to the Sepoys (bitten to remove a
  cover before being inserted into a gun) had been
  greased with beef and pork fat.

• Muslim Sepoys who were not supposed to consume
  pork, and the Hindu Sepoys who were not supposed
  to eat beef.

104
January 2011

• One similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in
  India and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that
  both were
• (1) religious reform movements
• (2) reactions to the opium trade
• (3) attempts to end foreign interference
• (4) successful revolts against absolute monarchs

105
August 2010

• A similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in India
  and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that both
  were
• (1) attempts to remove foreign influence
• (2) movements to establish communist governments
• (3) efforts to restore trade monopolies
• (4) struggles to westernize cultures

106
August 2011

• A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and
  theBoxer Rebellion was to
• (1) remove foreign influences
• (2) restore parliamentary government
• (3) improve access to civil service examinations
• (4) outlaw caste systems

107
The Raj "Jewel in the Crown" of the British
Empire
Rajterm for British rule over India, lasts from
1757 to 1947

• Direct Colony
• Modern system of progressive secondary education
  (to train Indian civil servants),
• Improved health care
• economic reforms (irrigation, railroads, tea and
  jute plantations),
• creation of unified and powerful state.
• End suttees

108
Negative Impacts of colonization on India

• British hold much of political and economic power
• Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency,
  famine
• Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist
  attitudes
• British textile industry puts out of work native
  industry
• Zamindar system of tax collection is corrupt
• Fails to bring benefits of modern science and
  technology
• Reforms INC by Nehru and Gandhi 1885 Muslim
  League 1905

109
Spheres of Influence in China

• Warlords negotiate spheres of influence
• American Open Door Policy
• Resistance Taiping and Boxer Rebellion

• 1700s unfavorable balance of trade, one city
  Canton open, 1793 Lord Macartney attempted open
• Imported Opium, Manchus forbid it
• 1839 Opium War British won due to better
  technology
• 1842 Treat of Nanjing (unequal) open ports,
  extraterritoriality, Hong Kong to England,
  reparations

110
Chinese Revolution - 1912

• Causes discontent of peasants with Qings
  losses in Opium War and Sino-Japanese (1895) with
  Taiping and later Boxer Rebellions (1900) spread
  of reform ideas among Western-educated Chinese
• Self-Strengthening Movement
• Dowager Empress Cixi - Opposed all reform
  pro-Western treason
• Sun Yat-sen father of modern China
• Three Principles of the People
• 1. Constitutional democracy
• 2. No Foreigners
• 3. State control over essential industries
• Results - Chiang Kai-shek leads nationalist
  republic (Kuomintang) in civil war against
  communist Mao

111
June 2012

• What is the primary focus of this map?
• (1) population density
• (2) resource distribution
• (3) Imperialism
• (4) urbanization

112

• . . . Our celestial empire China rules over ten
  thousand kingdoms! Most surely do we possess a
  measure of godlike majesty which ye cannot
  fathom! Still we cannot bear to slay or
  exterminate without previous warning, and it is
  for this reason that we now clearly make known to
  you the fixed laws of our land. If the foreign
  merchants of your said honorable nation desire to
  continue their commercial intercourse, they then
  must tremblingly obey our recorded statutes,
• they must cut off for ever the source from which
  the opium flows, and on no account make an
  experiment of our laws in their own persons! Let
  then your highness Queen Victoria punish those
• of your subjects who may be criminal, do not
  endeavor to screen or conceal them, and thus you
  will secure peace and quietness to your
• possessions, thus will you more than ever display
  a proper sense of respect and obedience.
  Chinese High Commissioner Lin Zexus letter to
  Queen Victoria

113
With previous passage

• Which event is most directly related to the
  19thcentury situation described in this passage?
• (1) signing of the Treaty of Nanjing
• (2) Russo-Japanese War
• (3) annexation of Korea
• (4) Sepoy Rebellion

114
August 2012

• Treaty of Nanjing gives control of Hong Kong to
  Great Britain.
• French government sets up a protectorate in
  Cambodia.
• Italian forces occupy Ethiopia.
• Which policy is most closely associated with
  these
• statements?
• (1) détente (3) nonalignment
• (2) appeasement (4) imperialism

115
August 2012

• Since the beginning of China as a nation, we
  Chinese have governed our own country despite
  occasional interruptions. When China was
  occasionally occupied by a foreign race, our
  ancestors could always in the end drive these
  foreigners out, restore the fatherland, and
  preserve China for future generations of Chinese.
  Today when we raise the righteous standard of
  revolt in order to expel an alien race the
  Manchus that has been occupying China, we are
  doing no more than our ancestors have done or
  expected us to do. Justice is so much on our
  side\ that all Chinese, once familiarizing
  themselves with our stand, will have no doubt
  about the righteousness of our cause. A
  Public Declaration, 1906

116
Continued Question

• Which conclusion can be drawn from this passage?
• (1) China can no longer remain isolated from its
  neighbors.
• (2) The Chinese people are happy with the rule of
  the Manchu.
• (3) The Chinese people wanted to end foreign
• occupation.
• (4) China has prospered under the rule of foreign
  powers.

117
January 2013

• The idea expressed in this cartoon is most
  closely associated with the
• (1) alliances formed in Europe
• (2) division of Africa discussed at the Berlin
  Conference

(3) spheres of influence established in China by
foreigners (4) border changes made at the
Congress of Vienna
118
January 2011

• One similarity between the Sepoy Rebellion in
  India and the Boxer Rebellion in China is that
  both were
• (1) religious reform movements
• (2) reactions to the opium trade
• (3) attempts to end foreign interference
• (4) successful revolts against absolute monarchs

119
January 2014

• Opium War (18391842)
• Taiping Rebellion (18501864)
• Boxer Rebellion (18981901)
• This series of events is most closely associated
  with the
• (1) spread of communism to China and Korea
• (2) growing concerns about the influence of the
  West in China
• (3) alliance formed between Vietnam and China
• (4) increasing expansion of civil and political
  rights in China

120
June 2013

• One way in which the Treaty of Nanking and the
  Treaty of Versailles are similar is that in both
  treaties the provisions called for
• (1) monarchs to be returned to their rightful
• places
• (2) reparations to be paid by defeated countries
• (3) existing borders to be maintained
• (4) peacekeeping organizations to be established

121
June 2013

• The term extraterritoriality, sphere of influence
  and mandates are most closely associated with
• Collective security
• Militarism
• Imperialism
• Self-Sufficiency

122
Japans Reaction

• Commodore Matthew Perry 1853
• Treaty of Kanagawa
• Meiji Restoration - (1868-1912) Westernizes AND
  Modernizes
• Colonizes Sino-Japanese Russo-Japanese War
  (1905) because Japan LACKS NATURAL RESOURCES

123
January 2014

• One way in which Emperor Meiji of Japan and Kemal
  Atatürk of Turkey are similar is that they both
• (1) crushed secessionist movements
• (2) worked to modernize their nations
• (3) conquered eastern neighboring territories
• (4) protested against economic sanctions

124
August 2013

• Sino-Japanese War 18941895
• Russo-Japanese War 19041905
• Annexation of Korea 1910
• These events in the history of Japan reflect its
• (1) resistance to trade
• (2) abundance of natural resources
• (3) vulnerability to attack by neighbors
• (4) emergence as an imperialistic country

125
June 2013

• Which action did Japan take during the Meiji
• Restoration?
• (1) established a social system to benefit the
  samurai
• (2) sent experts to learn from modern Western
  nations
• (3) allowed communist ideas to dominate its
  government
• (4) started an ambitious program to expel foreign
  manufacturers

126
August 2012

• Which change is associated with Meiji Japan?
• (1) expansion of feudal political and social
  values
• (2) modernization of the economy and government
• (3) adoption of isolationist policies
• (4) abandoning plans for an overseas empire

127
January 2012

• Japan began an aggressive policy of imperialism
  in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because
  Japan
• (1) needed raw materials for its factories
• (2) hoped to spread Shinto
• (3) sought Western technology
• (4) wanted revenge for the Opium Wars

128
August 2011

• In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan
• rapidly industrialized. During which period did
  this change take place?
• (1) Heian Court (3) Yuan dynasty
• (2) Song dynasty (4) Meiji Restoration

129
January 2011

• What is one reason for Japans involvement in the
  first Sino-Japanese War and the annexation of
  Korea?
• (1) pursuit of imperialistic goals
• (2) reaction to foreign invasions
• (3) institution of five-year plans
• (4) need for a warm-water port

130
August 2010

• Japans policy of expansion in the early 20th
• century was motivated by
• (1) a lack of natural resources
• (2) a plan to end unequal treaties
• (3) the need to increase cultural diffusion
• (4) the desire to spread communism

131
June 2010

• During which period of Japanese history did the
  changes shown in this wood block print
• occur?
• Heian court
• Tokugawa shogunate
• Meiji Restoration
• United States occupation

132
January 2010

• During the late 19th century, Japans lack of
  natural resources was one reason for implementing
  a policy of
• (1) collectivization (3) socialism
• (2) free trade (4) imperialism

133
January 2010

• In Japan, the Meiji Restoration and the
• postWorld War II economic miracle can be
  described as periods of
• (1) political decentralization
• (2) revolutionary democratization
• (3) reactionary social change
• (4) innovative industrial development