Title: Regents Review - Ancient Greece
1Alexander And the Hellenistic Period
2Macedonia Under Philip II
3Threat of Macedonia
- Phillip II 359 B.C.
- Unites all of Greece under Macedonia
- Created a true monarchy
- Brilliant military strategist
- Battle of Chaeronea
- Macedonia defeats the Greeks
- Uses phalanx formations then cavalry to crush
opponents - Alexander leads a cavalry charge at 18
- Plan was to unite Greeks to go against Persians
- Phillip II was assassinated
- At his daughters wedding in 336 B.C.
- Son, Alexander take the throne
4Death of Phillip II of Macedonia
5Alexander the Great
- 20 years old when he took the throne
- Motivated by a desire empire
- Tutored by Aristotle
- Desire to avenge Persian burning of Athens
- Alexanders Conquests
- 334 B.C. defeated the Persian Army
- ? 30,000 infantry 5,000 cavalry
- ? hit Persians quickly and used phalanx
formation - ? freed Greek city-states in Asia Minor
- 332 B.C. defeated Syria, Palestine, and Egypt
- ? Alexandria became the Greek capital of Egypt
- Turned toward Pakistan and India
- ? soldiers refused and went home
- 323 B.C. returned to Babylon
- ? died at age 32 from wounds, fever and alcohol
6Alexander the Great
7Alexander the Great in Persia
8Legacy of Alexander
- Great Military leader
- Motivated by desire
- ? Created largest empire ancient world had known
- ? willing to risk his own life
- Sought to imitate Achilles
- ? kept a copy of the Illiad under his pillow
- Extended Greek rule over a vast area
- ? brought much wealth to Greece Macedonia
- New culture emerges from blend of Greek and
Eastern customs - ? Alexander adopted Persian dress and married a
Persian woman
9Alexander the Greats Empire
10The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 324 B.C. - 100
B.C.
11The Hellenistic Kingdoms
- Hellenistic Culture
- Blend of Greek culture w/ Egyptian, Persian and
Indian influence - Rulers encouraged massive spread of Greek
colonies - Southwest Asia
- ? modern Afghanistan and India
- Architecture and Sculpture
- Built throughout the empire
- ? moved away from earlier classicism to
realistic art
12The Hellenization of Asia
13Pergamum A Hellenistic City
14Greatest Accomplishment of the Hellenistic Age
- Alexander the Great saved Greek Culture and
spread their ideas to every new place he
conquered. - The new culture that emerged was called
Hellenistic culture, which means Greek-like. - All of the following are the legacies of this
Hellenistic age.
15Science Technology
- Alexander preserved Greek and Egyptian learning
- Observatory study planets and stars
- Ptolemy
- Friend to Alexander satrap of Egypt
- Last renowned astronomer
- ? said Earth was center of universe
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17- Eratosthenes
- Said Earth was round 28,000-29,000 miles
(within 185 m.) - ? was an astronomer as well as poet
18Mathematics Physics
- Euclid
- Mathematician taught in Alexandria
- ? Elements best known book
- ? still used as basis for geometry
- Archimedes
- Most famous scientist
- ? geometry of spheres and cylinders
- ? mathematical constant pi
- ? created device that raised water
- from the ground
- ? created pulley to lift heavy object
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20Archimedes Moving the World
21The Economy of the Hellenistic World
22Hellenistic Philosophers
- Athens chief center of philosophy
- New system of Epicureanism and Stoicism
- Epicureanism self interest
- avoid pain seek pleasure.
- Gods had no interest in humans
- politics should be avoided.
- soul dies with body, should not fear death
23EpicurusPleasure is our first and kindred good.
It is the starting-point of every choice
24Zeno - Stoicism
25Realism in Sculpture
- Hellenistic Art
- More realistic less ideal than Greek art
- Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
- Moved away from appreciation of human body
- Female nudes become popular
- Colossus of Rhodes
- 100 ft. high one of 7 wonders of the Ancient
World
26Hellenistic Art
27The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
287 Wonders of the World
Tourist attractions of the Hellenistic World 1.
Pyramids of Khufu 26th century BC 2. Hanging
Gardens of Babylon 6th century BC 3. Temple of
Artemis 6th century BC 4. Statue of Zeus 5th
century BC 5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 4th
century BC 6. Colossus of Rhodes 3rd century
BC 7. Lighthouse of Alexandria 3rd century BC
29The Temple of Artemis
- City of Ephesus - Western Turkey
- First shrine to Goddess Artemis built around 800
B.C. - Goddess of fertility
- First temple burnt in 356 BC - Herostratus
- New temple - 425 ft long 225 ft wide - 127
columns - Parthenon 230 ft long, 100 ft wide 58
columns - Major tourist attraction
- Souvenirs religious items including
miniature statues of Artemis - Destroyed by Goths in 262 A.D
- Few remains today
- Marble salvaged for local building needs
30Hanging Gardens Of Babylon - Iraq
- Garden built by King Nebuchadnezzar, who ruled
the city for 43 years starting in 605 BC - Strabo described them as groups of vaulted
terraces raised one above another - Built to cheer up Nebuchadnezzar's homesick wife,
Amyitis from Medes - Land she came from was green, rugged and
mountainous, and she found the flat, sun-baked
terrain of Mesopotamia depressing.
31The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
- Western Turkey
- Mausolus, with his queen Artemisia (also sister),
ruled over Halicarnassus the surrounding
territory for 24 years - In 353 B.C. Mausolus died
- Artemisia, heartbroken, decided to build the
worlds most splendid tomb - Stood above the city ruins for some 17 centuries
until destroyed by an earthquake in 1404 AD
32The Great Pharos Lighthouse
- Alexandria, Egypt founded by Alexander in 332 BC
- Under Ptolemys the city became rich and
prosperous - City needed both a symbol a mechanism to guide
the many trade ships into the busy harbor - Built on the island of Pharos
- Building of the Pharos started in 290 B.C
- Took 20 years to complete
- Became tallest building in existence, with the
exception of the Great Pyramid - Became big tourist attraction
- Damaged by earthquakes
- Finally collapsed in 1306 AD
-
33The Great Pyramids of Giza
- Pharaoh Khufu 2400 BC
- Only remaining wonder
- 756 feet long 450 high
- Tallest man-made structure for over 4400 years
until 1889 - Eiffel Tower - Composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone
- Originally covered by a beautiful smooth
limestone surfacing - Khufus tomb and treasure has never been found
34The Colossus of Rhodes
- Island of Rhodes was an important economic center
- Southwestern tip of Asia Minor
- Held off a siege of city for over a year
- Celebrated the victory by building huge statue
- Melted metal from war machines left behind
- Construction took 12 years
- 110 ft high and stood upon a 50 foot pedestal
near the harbor - Destroyed by earthquake after 56 years
35Statue of Zeus
- Temple of Zeus at Olympia constructed 470 to
460 B.C. - Similar to Parthenon in design
- Needed a magnificent statue of Zeus
- 50 feet high
- Phidias sculptor
- Statue of Athena in the Parthenon