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Regents Review - Ancient Greece

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Title: Regents Review - Ancient Greece Author: Susan M. Pojer Last modified by: pete Created Date: 4/19/2004 1:53:14 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Regents Review - Ancient Greece


1
Alexander And the Hellenistic Period
2
Macedonia Under Philip II
3
Threat of Macedonia
  • Phillip II 359 B.C.
  • Unites all of Greece under Macedonia
  • Created a true monarchy
  • Brilliant military strategist
  • Battle of Chaeronea
  • Macedonia defeats the Greeks
  • Uses phalanx formations then cavalry to crush
    opponents
  • Alexander leads a cavalry charge at 18
  • Plan was to unite Greeks to go against Persians
  • Phillip II was assassinated
  • At his daughters wedding in 336 B.C.
  • Son, Alexander take the throne

4
Death of Phillip II of Macedonia
5
Alexander the Great
  • 20 years old when he took the throne
  • Motivated by a desire empire
  • Tutored by Aristotle
  • Desire to avenge Persian burning of Athens
  • Alexanders Conquests
  • 334 B.C. defeated the Persian Army
  • ? 30,000 infantry 5,000 cavalry
  • ? hit Persians quickly and used phalanx
    formation
  • ? freed Greek city-states in Asia Minor
  • 332 B.C. defeated Syria, Palestine, and Egypt
  • ? Alexandria became the Greek capital of Egypt
  • Turned toward Pakistan and India
  • ? soldiers refused and went home
  • 323 B.C. returned to Babylon
  • ? died at age 32 from wounds, fever and alcohol

6
Alexander the Great
7
Alexander the Great in Persia
8
Legacy of Alexander
  • Great Military leader
  • Motivated by desire
  • ? Created largest empire ancient world had known
  • ? willing to risk his own life
  • Sought to imitate Achilles
  • ? kept a copy of the Illiad under his pillow
  • Extended Greek rule over a vast area
  • ? brought much wealth to Greece Macedonia
  • New culture emerges from blend of Greek and
    Eastern customs
  • ? Alexander adopted Persian dress and married a
    Persian woman

9
Alexander the Greats Empire
10
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 324 B.C. - 100
B.C.
11
The Hellenistic Kingdoms
  • Hellenistic Culture
  • Blend of Greek culture w/ Egyptian, Persian and
    Indian influence
  • Rulers encouraged massive spread of Greek
    colonies
  • Southwest Asia
  • ? modern Afghanistan and India
  • Architecture and Sculpture
  • Built throughout the empire
  • ? moved away from earlier classicism to
    realistic art

12
The Hellenization of Asia
13
Pergamum A Hellenistic City
14
Greatest Accomplishment of the Hellenistic Age
  • Alexander the Great saved Greek Culture and
    spread their ideas to every new place he
    conquered.
  • The new culture that emerged was called
    Hellenistic culture, which means Greek-like.
  • All of the following are the legacies of this
    Hellenistic age.

15
Science Technology
  • Alexander preserved Greek and Egyptian learning
  • Observatory study planets and stars
  • Ptolemy
  • Friend to Alexander satrap of Egypt
  • Last renowned astronomer
  • ? said Earth was center of universe

16
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17
  • Eratosthenes
  • Said Earth was round 28,000-29,000 miles
    (within 185 m.)
  • ? was an astronomer as well as poet

18
Mathematics Physics
  • Euclid
  • Mathematician taught in Alexandria
  • ? Elements best known book
  • ? still used as basis for geometry
  • Archimedes
  • Most famous scientist
  • ? geometry of spheres and cylinders
  • ? mathematical constant pi
  • ? created device that raised water
  • from the ground
  • ? created pulley to lift heavy object

19
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20
Archimedes Moving the World
21
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
22
Hellenistic Philosophers
  • Athens chief center of philosophy
  • New system of Epicureanism and Stoicism
  • Epicureanism self interest
  • avoid pain seek pleasure.
  • Gods had no interest in humans
  • politics should be avoided.
  • soul dies with body, should not fear death

23
EpicurusPleasure is our first and kindred good.
It is the starting-point of every choice
24
Zeno - Stoicism
25
Realism in Sculpture
  • Hellenistic Art
  • More realistic less ideal than Greek art
  • Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
  • Moved away from appreciation of human body
  • Female nudes become popular
  • Colossus of Rhodes
  • 100 ft. high one of 7 wonders of the Ancient
    World

26
Hellenistic Art
27
The Breakup of Alexanders Empire
28
7 Wonders of the World
Tourist attractions of the Hellenistic World 1.
Pyramids of Khufu 26th century BC 2. Hanging
Gardens of Babylon 6th century BC 3. Temple of
Artemis 6th century BC 4. Statue of  Zeus 5th
century BC 5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 4th
century BC 6. Colossus of Rhodes 3rd century
BC 7. Lighthouse of Alexandria 3rd century BC
29
The Temple of Artemis
  • City of Ephesus - Western Turkey
  • First shrine to Goddess Artemis built around 800
    B.C.
  • Goddess of fertility
  • First temple burnt in 356 BC - Herostratus
  • New temple - 425 ft long 225 ft wide - 127
    columns
  • Parthenon 230 ft long, 100 ft wide 58
    columns
  • Major tourist attraction
  • Souvenirs religious items including
    miniature statues of Artemis
  • Destroyed by Goths in 262 A.D
  • Few remains today
  • Marble salvaged for local building needs

30
Hanging Gardens Of Babylon - Iraq
  • Garden built by King Nebuchadnezzar, who ruled
    the city for 43 years starting in 605 BC
  • Strabo described them as groups of vaulted
    terraces raised one above another
  • Built to cheer up Nebuchadnezzar's homesick wife,
    Amyitis from Medes
  • Land she came from was green, rugged and
    mountainous, and she found the flat, sun-baked
    terrain of Mesopotamia depressing.

31
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
  • Western Turkey
  • Mausolus, with his queen Artemisia (also sister),
    ruled over Halicarnassus the surrounding
    territory for 24 years
  • In 353 B.C. Mausolus died
  • Artemisia, heartbroken, decided to build the
    worlds most splendid tomb
  • Stood above the city ruins for some 17 centuries
    until destroyed by an earthquake in 1404 AD

32
The Great Pharos Lighthouse
  • Alexandria, Egypt founded by Alexander in 332 BC
  • Under Ptolemys the city became rich and
    prosperous
  • City needed both a symbol a mechanism to guide
    the many trade ships into the busy harbor
  • Built on the island of Pharos
  • Building of the Pharos started in 290 B.C
  • Took 20 years to complete
  • Became tallest building in existence, with the
    exception of the Great Pyramid
  • Became big tourist attraction
  • Damaged by earthquakes
  • Finally collapsed in 1306 AD

33
The Great Pyramids of Giza
  • Pharaoh Khufu 2400 BC
  • Only remaining wonder
  • 756 feet long 450 high
  • Tallest man-made structure for over 4400 years
    until 1889 - Eiffel Tower
  • Composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone
  • Originally covered by a beautiful smooth
    limestone surfacing
  • Khufus tomb and treasure has never been found

34
The Colossus of Rhodes
  • Island of Rhodes was an important economic center
  • Southwestern tip of Asia Minor
  • Held off a siege of city for over a year
  • Celebrated the victory by building huge statue
  • Melted metal from war machines left behind
  • Construction took 12 years
  • 110 ft high and stood upon a 50 foot pedestal
    near the harbor
  • Destroyed by earthquake after 56 years

35
Statue of Zeus
  • Temple of Zeus at Olympia constructed 470 to
    460 B.C.
  • Similar to Parthenon in design
  • Needed a magnificent statue of Zeus
  • 50 feet high
  • Phidias sculptor
  • Statue of Athena in the Parthenon
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