Ancient Rome Regents Review

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Ancient Rome
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The Geography of Rome
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The History of Ancient Italy
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The Mythical Founding of RomeRomulus Remus
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PEOPLE The Latins -Rome The First
Romans The Etruscans -Northern Italy -Urbanized
Rome Building Programs (the
Forum) -Influence on Romans the arch,
alphabet The Greeks -Southern Italy and
Sicily -Influence on Romans art,
architecture, literature, ..government,
engineering GEOGRAPHY -Tiber River
Mediterranean Sea -Fertile Soil Strategic
Location
Ancient Italy (c. 6th century B.C.)
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Italy in 750 BCE
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Etruscans Conquer Romeca.600 BCE

• The Romans adopt Etruscan culture
• The Etruscan Alphabet
• Art (sculpture, pottery, frescoes, etc)
• Gods / Goddesses (polytheistic religion)
• building techniques (including the arch)

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Influence of the Etruscans

• Writing
• Religion
• The Arch

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The Roman Republic 509 BCE - 27 BCE
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. 27 B.C.)

• 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king
  (monarchy) and established a republic.
• Power rests with the citizens who have the right
  to vote for their leaders.
• In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was
  granted only to free-born male citizens.

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Consequences of Freedom

• The Romans lost trade with the Etruscans and with
  Greek colonies in southern Italy.
• What little there had been in imports ended.
• Rome's plebeian merchants and craftsmen suffered.
• Rome experienced economic depression and grain
  shortages

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The Roman Republic A Republican form of
Government (509 B.C. 27 B.C.)
A Balanced Government Rome elects two consuls
one to lead army, one to direct
government Senate- chosen from patricians (Roman
upper class), make foreign and domestic
policy Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make
laws for plebeians (commoners) Dictators- leaders
appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by
consuls and senate)
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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. 27 B.C.)

• STRUGGLE FOR POWER CLASS CONFLICT
• Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of
  the power inherited power and social status
• Plebeians- (Plebs) common farmers, artisans and
  merchants who made up the majority of the
  population can vote, but cant rule
• Tribunes- elected representatives who protect
  plebeians political rights.

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The Roman Republic (509 B.C. 27 B.C.)

• THE TWELVE TABLES
• 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve
  tablets and hung in Forum.
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to
  protection of the law
• Become the basis for later Roman law

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The Twelve Tables, 451 BCE

• Providing political and socialrights for the
  plebeians.

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The Roman Forum
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Roman Roads The Appian Way
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Roman Roads
As they expanded their control, the Romans built
an excellent network of roads.
Why was this significant?
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Roman Roads
How they were built
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Roman Roads

• Their road system is one of the Romans greatest
  achievements

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The Roman road system

• allowed easy military transport

• enabled trade and commerce

• helped unify expanding Roman territories

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Military OrganizationThe Roman Army
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The Roman Army

• All citizens were required to serve
• Army was powerful
• Organization fighting skill
• Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot
  soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

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Rome Spreads its Power

• Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek
  city-states in south
• Treatment of Conquered
• Forge alliances
• Offer citizenship
• By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

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Romes Commercial Network

• Rome establishes a large trading network
• Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade
  routes

• Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa,
  soon rivals Rome

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Military OrganizationThe Punic Wars
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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

• Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
• 1st Punic War- Rome gains control of Sicily
  western Mediterranean Sea.

The destruction of Carthage during the Punic
Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

• 2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibals
  surprise attack through Spain France
• 60,000 soldiers and 60 elephants
• Romans experience severe losses, but eventually
  ward off attacks invade North Africa

The destruction of Carthage during the Punic
Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

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Hannibal's troops crossing the Rhone River on
their way to attack northern Italy.
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Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)

• 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage
• Scipio- Roman Strategist
• Conquered people sold into slavery

The destruction of Carthage during the Punic
Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

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Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success
more to its form of government, or its army?
Why?How does Romes rise to power relate to
modern efforts to gain power and authority?
Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy the
Mediterranean World? (Give a few reasons and
explain)