Title: CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
1CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONAND THE WAR FOR
INDEPENDENCE
2 THE AFTERMATH OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
- TREATY OF PARIS 1763
- PONTIACS REBELLION
- PROCLAMATION OF 1763
- THE DEBT
- PARLIAMENTS PROPOSAL TO AMERICA
- SUGAR ACT 1764Lord George Grenville
- INDIRECT TAX
- SUGAR, COFFEE, MOLASSES
- CRACKDOWN ON SMUGGLERS-ADMIRALTY COURTS Writs of
Assistance - TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
- STAMP ACT 1765Lord Grenville
- SUGAR ACT DID NOT BRING ENOUGH MONEY TO PAY DEBT
OR PAY TROOPS STATIONED IN WILDERNESS. - DIRECT TAX ON ALL OFFICIALLY PRINTED DOCUMENTS
- STAMP ACT CONGRESS (9/13)
- SONS OF LIBERTY
- COLONIALWIDE BOYCOTT
- DECLARATORY ACT
- STAMP ACT REPEALED
- TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 (PITT PRIME MINISTER)(Lord
Charles Townshend)
3TENSIONS MOUNT 1770
- 17681000 TROOPS SENT TO BOSTON.
- -NEWSPAPER STIRRED UP TROUBLES.
- -REGULATORS IN SC 1769
- BOSTON MASSACRE MARCH 5, 1770
- 5 died,
- Br. soldiers charged with murder,
- 2 found guilty of manslaughter.
- TOWNSHEND ACTS REPEALED EXCEPT ON TEA
- LORD HILLSBOROUGHno more taxes
- 2ND WILKES CRISIS
- PLACEMEN
- TEA ACT 1773
- Bail-out for the Br. East India Tea Co.
- BOSTON TEA PARTY DEC. 16, 1773
- COERCIVE ACTS (INTOLERABLE ACTS)
- Boston Port Act
- Massachusetts Government Act
- Quartering Act
- Administration of Justice Act
4SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD American Revolution
Begins
- 1773 COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE FORMED
- Sept. 1774--1st CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
- April 1775BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
5THE FIRST MAJOR BATTLES
- May 1775--2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
- May 1775--FT. TICONDEROGA
- June 1775--BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
- Mar. 1776--DORCHESTER HEIGHTS
- Jan. 1776 Thomas Paine Common Sense
- Feb. 1776-Continental Army invades Quebec.
- (Richard Montgomery, Benedict Arnold)
- June 1776--1st CHARLESTON
- Mar-July 1776--DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
- Resolution Richard Henry Lee
- CommitteeT. Jefferson, J. Adams, B. Franklin, R.
Sherman, R. Livingstone - Approved July 2, 1776, Signed July 4, 1776
6Declaration of Independence
7THE BRITISH RETURN
- Late July 1776 British Redcoats return to America
- 30,000 strong under Gen. William Howe
- Capture NYC, chase Gen. Washington out of NY,
across NJ into Pa. - Americans deserted by the 100s
- AMERICAS DARKEST HOUR
- Thomas Paines Sunshine Patriot American Crisis
published. - TRENTON AND PRINCETON
- Trenton, NJ Hessians-- Christmas 1776
- Princeton, NJ Br. Regulars-- Jan. 1777
8BRITISH PLAN TO WIN THE WAR 1777
- 4 SIMULTANEOUS ATTACKS Spring and Summer 1777
Gen. John Burgoyne from Montreal
Col. St. Leger, Iroquois Under Joseph Brant
and Tories from Canada.
Gen. Clinton to Ft. West Point from NYC.
Gen. William Howe to capture Philadelphia from
NYC.
9RESULTS OF THE PLAN
- Col. St. Leger-- defeated at Ft. Stanwick by
Benedict Arnold. - Gen. Howe defeated Gen. Washington twice,
captures Philadelphia. (Germantown and
Brandywine Creek) - Washington retreated to Valley Forge, Pa.
- Gen. Clinton never left NYC. (Feared George
Washington was close-by) - Gen. Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga. Largest
Br. defeat of the war. - France agreed to Treaty of Alliance, recognizing
American independence. - England asked for peace with semi-autonomy for
America. - 3. Increased American morale
- 4. Holland declared war on England
- Spain declared war on England.
- Gen. Howe resigned, replaced by Gen. Clinton
10AMERICAN POLITICS DURING THE WAR
- Creation of State Governments to replace Colonial
Charters - Republicanism and Popular Sovereignty
- System of checks and Balances
- Three branches of government
- bicameralism
- Limited Government
- Civil Liberties
- Articles of Confederation 1777
- John Dickinson (Md)
- Outline of Government
- Powers granted
- Ratification 1781 (13/13)
11WAR SHIFTS SOUTH AND WEST
- VALLEYFORGE (Washingtons Greatest victory??)
- Frederick Von Steuben.
- Washingtons army overcomes adversity.
- Army drills and trains in
- European warfare.
- WAR IN THE WEST
- American Capt. George Rogers Clark captures 3 Br.
Forts in Ohio Territory. - Ft. Vincennes
- Ft. Kaskaskia
- Ft. Nelson
- (Gives US claim to Ohio Territory)
F
12OTHER NOTABLE EVENTS
- Benedict Arnold betrays the American cause. May
1780. - Exchanged plans for the capture of Ft. West Point
for a commission in the British army. - Maj. John Andre executed by Continental Army for
spying in retaliation for the hanging of Nathan
Hale earlier in the war. - John Paul Jones --Bon Homme Richard
- -defeated the HMS Serapis I have not yet
begun to fight
139. CORNWALLIS RETREATS TO WILMINGTON THEN TO
YORKTOWN
8. CORNWALLIS AND WHAT IS LEFT OF TARLETONS
DEFEAT GREENE AT GUILFORDS COURTHOUSE.
.
6. MAJ. FERGUSON (BR) BUTCHERED BY OVER THE
MOUNTAIN BOYS AT KINGS MOUNTAIN 1780.
.
7. TARLETON LOSES TO COL. DANIEL MORGAN (AMER) AT
COWPENS (SARATOGA OF THE SOUTH) JAN. 1781.
.
4. COL. TARLETON MASSACRES SC MILITIAMEN AT THE
WAXHAWS 1780.
5. SC guerilla fighters Swamp Fox Francis
Marion Fighting Gamecock Thomas
Sumter Fighting Elder Andrew Pickens
.
3. CORNWALLIS DEFEATS GEN. GATES AT CAMDEN 1780
2. CORNWALLIS CAPTURES CHARLESTON 1780
1. CORNWALLIS INVADES SAVANNAH 1778
14WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN
- WASHINGTON WINS AT MONMOUTH COURTHOUSE, NJ. 1778
- Gen. Clinton orders army back to NY City
- FRENCH ARMY AND NAVY ARRIVE IN AMERICA
- Count RochambeauNewport, RI 30,000 men
- Admiral DeGrasseFleet from West Indiesto
Chesapeake Bay - WASHINGTON ATTACKED CORNWALLIS AT YORKTOWN.
Americans layed siege for 1 month. - CORNWALLIS SURRENDERS Oct. 1781
- PEACE NEGOTIATIONSParisUS, Eng., Sp, Holl. and
Fr. - PEACE TREATY OF PARIS-- Sept.1783.
- WAR IS OVER.
- WASHINGTON STOPS COUP DETAT AT NEWBURGH, NY.
15THE CRITICAL PERIOD 1783-1787
- AMERICA UNDER THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
- SUCCESSES
- WON THE WAR
- TREATY OF PARIS 1783
- LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785
- LAND ORDINANCE OF 1787
- PROBLEMS
- DEBT
- VETERANS PENSIONS, BONUSES and BONDS
- STATES AUTONOMY (semi-independence)
- PRINT OWN MONEY
- -- SIGN TREATIES AND ALLIANCES
- ECONOMIC
- LACK OF OVERSEAS MARKETS
- DUMPING BY ENGLAND
- HYPER-INFLATION, DEPRESSION
- SHAYSS REBELLION 1786
- MASSACHUSETTS TAX REVOLT
- CONGRESS WAS UNABLE TO DEAL WITH THESE PROBLEMS
ORDINANCE OF 1785
16(No Transcript)
17CALL FOR A NEW CONSTITUTION
- VIRGINIA (Mt. Vernon) CONFERENCE 1785
- ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION 1786
- CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION MAY 1787
- PURPOSE
- WHERE
- STATES PRESENT
- DELEGATES PRESENT
- NOTABLE ABSENTEES
- ORGANIZATION
- PROPOSALS
- VIRGINIA PLAN
- NEW JERSEY PLAN
- GREAT COMPROMISE (CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE)
- 3/5S COMPROMISE
- SLAVE TRADE/COMMERCE CLAUSE COMPROMISE
- RATIFICATION PROCESS AND ARGUMENTS
- TWO GROUPS FORMED FEDERALISTS (FAVORED IT),
ANTI-FEDERALISTS (OPPOSED IT). - NO MENTION OF GOD, NO GUARANTEE OF INDIVIDUAL
RIGHTS, - ILLEGAL
GEORGE JAMES
MADISON WASHINGTON
JOHN JAY
BEN FRANKLIN
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
18WASHINGTONS PRESIDENCY
- FIRST JOB PUT THE NEW GOVERNMENT IN TO ACTION
- ESTABLISH THE PRESIDENCY-
- CHOOSE HIS CABINET-
- CONGRESS PROPOSED AND THE STATES APPROVED A BILL
OF RIGHTS. - 6 MAJOR ISSUES AS PRESIDENT
- 1. DEBT HAMILTONS 5 PART PLAN
- Tariff on all imports
- Assume state debts
- Pay off bonds at face value
- 25 whiskey tax
- Bank of the US
- 2. FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789
- 3. INDIAN PROBLEMS ON THE FRONTIER
- Treaty of Greenville
- 4. WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND 1793
- Jays Treaty Pinckneys Treaty
- 5. WHISKEY REBELLION
- 6. CREATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES