Chapter 8 Notes

1
Chapter 8 Notes

• STRUGGLE TO KEEP
• PEACE

2
United Nations

• President Wilsons idea of a League of Nations
  was created after WWI but was a complete
  failure.
• It lacked enforcement power. Eventually it was
  dismantled.
• After World War II the United Nations was formed
  in 1945 to lead the world to a global peace and
  prevent future wars.

3
United Nations

• The United Nations had its hands full as the
  Cold war lead to wars in Korea, Vietnam and
  Afghanistan.
• Some criticize the UN as being ineffective as the
  League of Nations.
• Lately the UN has been called upon to resolve
  global conflicts, and civil wars.

4
United Nations

• The UN organizations makes it difficult for the
  it to be effective.
• The UN Security council has 5 permanent members
  (U.S., Russia, China, France, and Great Britain)
  who have veto power over any action of the UN.
• So events like Rwanda, Darfur, Iraq and today in
  North Korea have been hard to deal with.
• Sometimes resolutions by the UN have been
  ignored.

5
NATO

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed
  post WWII in 1949 as an alliance against the
  Soviets.
• It allied the U.S. , Great Britain, France, and
  most of Western Europe against the Soviets.
• The Cold War lead to a period of distrust amongst
  the two sides that almost lead to nuclear war.

6
NATO

• After the Cold War ended allowing former Soviet
  Union countries to join was a serious concern.
• Many felt that countries like Poland
  Czechoslovakia, and Hungary were too weak.
• Of major concern was rather or not Russia should
  join. They would officially join in 1995.
• Relations are still difficult and trust is still
  an issue with our former enemy.

7
NATO

• A serious test to the coalition was the war that
  broke out in Bosnia.
• NATO got involved because of ethnic cleansing
  that was going on.
• Lastly, when the British and U.S. invaded Iraq in
  2003 there was a serious strain on the coalition
  as many allies didnt support it. (France, and
  Germany)

8
Organizations of American States

• Org. of American States had to get involved in
  the coupe in Haiti in 1991.
• Haiti was the first major conflict that tested
  the OAS.
• The purpose of the OAS was to stop military
  conflict in the Western Hemisphere. With the UN
  support the OAS pressed for economic sanctions.

9
Organizations of American States

• The main support of the OAS came from the United
  States.
• Although the OAS originated in Colombia its
  headquarters was based in Washington D.C.
• With the financial and military support of the
  U.S. the OAS wouldnt have been successful.

10
Arab League

• The Arab League was started by several middle
  east countries. It was created in 1945 with
  support from the British.
• Headquarter in the country of Tunis in Africa the
  organization has had trouble with unity.
• The issue of Terrorism and the Israeli
  Palestinian conflict left many nations divided.

11
Arab League

• The Arab Leagues also supported the U.S. invasion
  of Iraq during the Persian gulf war, but later
  criticized the 2003 invasion.
• There is still some disorganization in the Arab
  league and having a consensus to solve problem
  has been difficult.

12
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

• ASEAN was created in 1967 and is made of the
  countries of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos,
  Philippines, and Vietnam to name a few.
• Economic issues in Southeast Asia has threatened
  the stability of the region.
• Also wars that have broken out Vietnam war, and
  Vietnam-Cambodia war have destabilized the region.

13
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

• Refugee fleeing the civil war in Cambodia in 1992
  test the economics and political toughness of
  their neighbors.
• China has been the biggest contributor to
  establish economic security to these nations.
• However, China has tried to do things to benefits
  its economy making some enemies in the region.

14
International Trade in Weapons

• Weapons trade has been a big concern for the
  global community.
• Countries like Russia who sale arms, and military
  equipment have raised alarms around the globe.
• Yet the U.S. has been the biggest players in
  weapons trade as U.S. weapon companies have sold
  weapons to controversial contries.