UNIT 10 THE GILDED AGE

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UNIT 10THE GILDED AGE

• GILDED AGE a time of remarkable wealth and
  terrible poverty.

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William Marcy Tweed (Boss Tweed) led the New
York Political Machine
Mark Twain
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RAILROADS

• Cornelius Vanderbilt railroad baron who gained
  control of New York Central.
• George Westinghouse developed air brakes for
  stopping trains.
• Eli Janney made couples to link cars.
• George Pullman developed sleeping car.

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RAILROADS

• Pools secret agreements to divide and establish
  railroad business.
• Standard Gauge 4ft. 8.5 inches or width of
  track.
• Stimulated the economy
• Carried raw materials.
• Spawned steel industry.
• Gave rise to lumber and coal industry.
• Provided work.

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INVENTORS

• 1860-1890 over 40,000 patents issued.
• Samuel B. Morse telegraph (1844).
• Cyrus Field transatlantic cable (1866).
• George Eastman Kodak camera (1888).
• Sears Roebuck and Co. catalogs.

• John Thurman vacuum cleaner (1899).
• Christopher Sholes typewriter (1868).
• William Burroughs adding machine (1888).
• F.W. Woolworths five and ten cent stores
  pick up goods off the shelves.

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THOMAS ALVA EDISON

• 1876 set up an invention workshop in Menlo Park,
  New Jersey.
• Inventions
• 1879 workable light bulb.
• Storage battery.
• Motion picture projector.
• Phonograph.
• Central electric power plant.
• Automatic telegraph sender.

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AFRICAN AMERICAN INVENTORS

• Lewis Howard Lattimer improved filaments for
  light bulbs.
• Elijah McCoy oil can.
• Jan E. Matzeliger shoe making machine.

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AIRPLANE

• 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright invent the
  airplane at Kitty Hawk North Carolina.

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HENRY FORD

• Engineer from Detroit.
• Invented the model T and used the assembly line.
• Mass production producing large quantities of
  identical goods.

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BIG BUSINESS

• Corporation a company, which sells stock to the
  public.
• Stock shares of a company.
• Shareholders individuals who invest in stock.
• Dividends companys profit.
• Stock Exchange market for selling stock.
• Trust a group of companies managed by the same
  board of directors.
• Merger combination of companies.
• Banks played a major role in economic development.

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BIG BUSINESS

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act banned monopolies.
• Factors of Production
• Land natural resources.
• Labor large workforce.
• Capital machinery, equipment, tools, and
  investment.

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ANDREW CARNEGIE

• Vertical Consolidation acquiring companies that
  provide services you need.
• Made Pittsburgh the steel capital of the world.
• Used Bessemer Process.
• Philanthropy use of money to benefit the
  community.

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JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER

• Organized the standard Oil Trust.
• Monopoly total control.
• Horizontal Integration combining competing firms
  into one corporation.

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UNIONS

• Sweatshops working long hours for little pay.
• Child labor laws 12 years old could not work
  more than 10 hours a day.
• Collective Bargaining unions represent workers
  in bargaining with management.
• Injunction government order.

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TRADE UNIONS

• Knights of Labor national labor union founded by
  Terence V. Powderly for unskilled laborers.
• American Federation of Labor (AFL) nation labor
  union founded by Samuel Gompers for skilled
  laborers.
• Mary Harris (Mother Jones) spent 50 years
  fighting for workers rights in coal mines.

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LABOR CONFLICT

• Triangle Shirt Waist Company fire in a crowded,
  unsafe sweatshop which killed 150.
• Haymarket Riot (1886) striking laborers who
  rioted against McCormicks in Chicago due to the
  death of four workers.

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Triangle Shirt-Waist Factory
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HAYMARKET RIOT
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LABOR CONFLICT (cont.)

• Homestead Strike (1892) strike against
  Carnegies plant in Penn. After wages were cut
  resulting in the death of 10.
• Pullman Strike (1894) strike against railroad
  and George Pullman for cutting wages led by
  Eugene Debs.

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HOMESTEAD STRIKE
PULLMAN STRIKE
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IMMIGRANTS

• New Immigrants Greeks, Russians, Hungarians,
  Italians, Jews, Turks, Poles, Chinese, and
  Japanese.
• Most sought economic opportunity.
• Nativists Opposed Immigration.
• Assimilate become a part of culture.

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IMMIGRANTS (cont.)

• Ellis Island immigrant processing center on the
  east coast (New York).
• Angel Island immigrant processing center on the
  west coast (San Francisco).
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1892) prohibited Chinese
  immigration for 10 years.

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ELLIS ISLAND
ANGEL ISLAND
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CONDITIONS OF IMMIGRANTS

• Most traveled on steerage (below deck).
• Urbanization growth of cities
• Tenements slums which families rented.
• Most cities were overpopulated, diseased, with
  poverty, poor sanitation, and orphans.
• YMCA and YWCA founded for inner city youth.
• Subways, cable cars, and bridges built to
  accommodate people.

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REFORMERS

• Jane Addams founder of Hull House in 1889 for
  poor immigrants providing medical attention,
  education, meals, and other humanitarian
  services.
• Frederick Law Olmsted developed Central Park.

• Elisha Otis (1852) invented the elevator.
• William LeBaron Jenney (1884) first skyscraper
  in Chicago.
• Louis Sullivan architect skyscraper.

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EDUCATION

• John Dewey progressive education or shaping of
  character with hands on learning expansion of
  public schools.
• Morrill Act (Land Grant Act) established two
  universities in each state.
• George Washington Carver African American
  researcher (peanut).
• Booker T. Washington African American researcher
  who founded the Tuskegee Institute.

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CULTURE

• Yellow Journalism sensational writing.
• Baseball was a popular sport.
• Jazz was the popular form of music.
• Mark Twain realist stories.

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