Life in New York During the Gilded Age

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Life in a Big Urban City in the Gilded Age
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Characteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded
Age

1. Megalopolis.
2. Mass Transit.
3. Magnet for economic and social opportunities.
4. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner
   outer core
5. New frontier of opportunity for women.
6. Squalid living conditions for many.
7. Political machines.
8. Ethnic neighborhoods.

3
NewUse ofSpace
NewClassDiversity
NewArchitectural Style
New Energy
NewSymbols ofChange Progress
The City as a New Frontier?
New Culture(Melting Pot)
Make a NewStart
New Form ofClassic RuggedIndividualism
New Levels of Crime, Violence, Corruption
4
John A. RoeblingThe Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
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ational-geographic-channel/full-episodes/man-made/
ngc-bridges-of-nyc.html
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John A. RoeblingThe Brooklyn Bridge, 1913
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Lady Liberty Being Readied for Travel

• A centennial birthday present from the French
  people, the Statue of Liberty arrived from France
  in 1886.

7
Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste
Bartholdi)
8

• Inscription on the Statue of Liberty
• Author Emma Lazarus
• Give me your tired, your poor,
• Your huddled masses, yearning to breath free,
• The wretched refuse of your teeming shore,
• Send these, the homeless, tempest tossed,
• I lift my lamp beside the golden door.

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Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lived(1890)
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Italian Immigrants Arriving at Ellis Island, ca.
1910
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Tenement Slum Living
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Mulberry Street Bend, 1889
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Hester Street Jewish Section
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5-Cent Lodgings
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Mens Lodgings
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Womens Lodgings
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Immigrant Family Lodgings
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Jewish Women Working in a Sweatshop, ca. 1910
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Hull House

• These immigrant children playing games at the
  settlement house that Jane Addams founded in
  Chicago were having some fun while also getting
  instruction from a settlement house worker in how
  to be a proper American.

20
Looking Backward

• Older immigrants, trying to keep their own humble
  arrival in America in the shadows, sought to
  close the bridge that had carried them and their
  ancestors across the Atlantic.

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Dumbbell Tenement Plan
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC
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Dumbell Tenement, NYC
23
St. Patricks Cathedral
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Morning Service at Moodys Church, 1908

• Thousands of Chicagoans found the gospel and a
  helping hand at evangelist Dwight Lyman Moodys
  church. Although Moody himself died in 1899, his
  successors continued to attract throngs of
  worshipers to his church, which could hold up to
  ten thousand people.

25
Booker T. Washington (18561915)

• In a famous speech in New Orleans in 1895,
  Washington grudgingly acquiesced in social
  separateness for blacks. On that occasion, he
  told his largely white audience, In all things
  that are purely social, we can be as separate as
  the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things
  essential to mutual progress.

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W. E. B. Du Bois (18681963)

• In 1961, at the end of a long lifetime of
  struggle for racial justice in the United States,
  Du Bois renounced his American citizenship at the
  age of ninety-three and took up residence in the
  newly independent African state of Ghana.

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Blind Beggar, 1888
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Italian Rag-Picker
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1890s Morgue Basement Saloon
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Black Tan Saloon
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Bandits Roost
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Mullens Alley Gang
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The Street Was Their Playground
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Lower East Side Immigrant Family
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A Struggling Immigrant Family
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Another Struggling Immigrant Family
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Shirtwaist Workers Strike 1909 - 1910
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Rosa Schneiderman, Garment Worker
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Child Labor
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Average Shirtwaist Workers Week
51 hours or less 4,554 5 5
52-57 hours 65,033 79 79
58-63 hours 12,211 15 15
Over 63 hours 562 1 1

Total employees, men and women 82,360 Total employees, men and women 82,360 Total employees, men and women 82,360 Total employees, men and women 82,360
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Womens Trade Union League
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Women Voting for a Strike!
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Local 25 with Socialist Paper, The Call
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Social and Political Activists
Carola Woerishoffer,Bryn Mawr Graduate
Clara Lemlich,Labor Organizer
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Public Fear of Unions/Anarchists
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Arresting the Girl Strikersfor Picketing
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Scabs Hired
48
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, March 25,
1911
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The Shirtwaist KingsMax Blanck and Isaac Harris
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Triangle Shirtwaist FactoryAsch Building, 8th
and 10th Floors
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(No Transcript)
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910
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Inside the Building After the Fire
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Most Doors Were Locked
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(No Transcript)
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Crumpled Fire Escape, 26 Died
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One of the Heroes
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10th Floor After the Fire
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Dead Bodies on the Sidewalk
65
One of the Lucky Ones?
66
Rose SchneidermanThe LastSurvivor
67
Scene at the Morgue
68
Relatives Review Bodies145 Dead
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Page of theNew York Journal
70
One of the Many Funerals
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Protestors March to City Hall
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Labor Unions March as Mourners
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Women Workers Marchto City Hall
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The Investigation
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(No Transcript)
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Out of the Ashes

• ILGWU membership surged.
• NYC created a Bureau of FirePrevention.
• New strict building codes werepassed.
• Tougher fire inspection ofsweatshops.
• Growing momentum of support for womens suffrage.

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The Foundations Were Laidfor the New Deal Here
in 1911

• Al Smith ran unsuccessfully in 1928 on many of
  the reform programs that would be successful for
  another New Yorker 4 years later FDR.
• In the 1930s, the federal governmentcreated OSHA
  the Occupational Safety Health
  Administration.
• The Wagner Act.
• Francis Perkins ? first female Cabinetmember
  Secretary of Labor in FDRsadministration.

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History of the Needlecraft Industry by Ernest
Feeney, 1938