Project Management :the planning activity

1
Project Management the planning activity

• Two basic graphical tools
• 1. The Gantt chart
• looks like a horizontal bar chart
• shows tasks that make up a project
• how long these tasks will take
• which are complete, which still have to be done
• all overlaid on a calendar
• used for monitoring a project
• or
• answering the fundamental question

2
Project Management the planning activity
3
Project Management the planning activity
Calendar days
2
4
8
5
6
7
3
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
Task A
Task B
Task C
tasks
Task D
Task E
Task F
Task G
Task H
Task I
Task J
Task K
It is day 9, are we on schedule?
4
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• a network of nodes and arrows
• the nodes represent a stage in the project
• the arrows represent an activity (something that
  takes time)
• identifies critical activities (those that
  cannot be delayed without delaying the project)
• PERT charts can be used to expedite i.e. a
  tool to investigate the effect of allocating
  further resources to a project.

5
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart

C(4)
20
40

A(4)
80
I(1)
G(3)
E(2)
10
K(5)
60
90
100
F(6)
H(2)
J(1)
70
B(2)
30
50
D(3)
6
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• How will the project take? Which activities are
  critical'?

4
14
C(4)
5
8
14
20
40
9

A(4)
80
I(1)
G(3)
E(2)
10
K(5)
60
90
100
H(2)
F(6)
0
0
J(1)
11
15
20
70
B(2)
30
50
11
15
20
D(3)
13
5
2
14
5
2
earliest time to reach a stage
latest time to reach a stage
7
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• How will the project take? Which activities are
  critical'?

The critical path
1
4
0
14
C(4)
5
8
14
1
20
40
9

A(4)
80
I(1)
G(3)
0
E(2)
10
K(5)
60
90
100
0
H(2)
F(6)
0
0
J(1)
11
15
20
70
B(2)
30
50
11
15
20
0
D(3)
13
0
1
5
2
14
5
2
0
0
Slack time at a stage is the difference between
earliest and latest times
8
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• Predict the effect of the following
• Activity F can be completed ahead of time. It now
  only takes 3 days

0
4
0
13
C(4)
4
8
13
0
20
40
8

A(4)
80
I(1)
G(3)
0
E(2)
10
K(5)
60
90
100
0
H(2)
F(3)
0
0
J(1)
10
14
19
70
B(2)
30
50
10
14
19
0
D(3)
12
0
1
5
2
13
7
4
2
2
Project takes 19 days, critical path changes
9
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• Predict the effect of the following
• Activity J is delayed, it now takes 5 days

1
4
3
14
C(4)
5
8
17
1
20
40
9

A(4)
80
I(1)
G(3)
0
E(2)
10
K(5)
60
90
100
0
H(2)
F(6)
0
0
J(5)
11
18
23
70
B(2)
30
50
11
18
23
0
D(3)
13
0
0
5
2
13
5
2
0
0
Project now takes 23 days, critical path changes
10
Project Management the planning activity

• 2. PERT (program evaluation and review technique)
  chart
• Predict the effect of the following
• An extra activity, C2 has been identified. It
  will commence after activity C has finished and
  before activity E begins. It will take 2 days.

0
4
0
15
10
4
15
0
10
20
40

A(4)
C2(2)
80
I(1)
G(3)
0
10
C(4)
E(2)
K(5)
25
60
90
100
0
H(2)
F(6)
8
0
0
8
0
J(1)
12
16
21
70
B(2)
30
50
12
16
21
0
D(3)
14
0
1
5
2
15
6
3
1
1
Project now takes 21 days, PERT chart changes