The Jefferson/Jackson Era

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The Jefferson/Jackson Era

• 1800-1840

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V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"

• A. Causes
• 1. Freedom of the Seas Impressment-Britain
  and France were at war. American trading
  ships and sailors were caught in the middle.
• 2. Embargo Act, 1807-Jefferson cut off trade
  with both sides. Very unpopular.

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V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"

• B. James Madison becomes President-1808
• -Trouble with the Indians- Tecumsah organized
  Indians to defend their lands. This, along with
  the ongoing trading problems led to a large group
  of war supporters called War Hawks.
• -Madison declares war on the British.

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V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"

• C. Actions-Americans invaded Canada, the British
  attacked and burned Washington, D.C.
• Andrew Jackson became a war hero at the Battle
  of New Orleans and defeated large numbers of
  Indians in the South, leading to expansion.
• D. Results-Treaty of Ghent-simple cease fire.
• Side result-Adams-Onis Treaty-1819-
• Spain gives Florida to the U.S.

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VI. James Monroe 1816-1824The Era of Good
Feelings"

• After the War of 1812, Americans finally
  became more nationalist.
• A. Postwar changes
• 1. The American System-All parts of the nation
  working together. Henry Clay proposes this
• Protective tariffs, transportation
  improvements, and National Bank.
• 2. Supreme Court decisions give court more
  power.

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VI. James Monroe 1816-1824The Era of Good
Feelings"

• B. Monroe Doctrine-1823
• James Monroe established 2 foreign policy ideals
  in this speech
• 1. Non-intervention-U.S. would not interfere in
  European affairs if European powers did not
  interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
• 2. Non-colonization-Western Hemisphere was
  closed to any further colonization from
  European nations.

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VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams

• -Federalists had died out
• because of their lack of
• support for the War of 1812.
• They seemed disloyal.
• -No political candidates wanted to be associated
  with the name Federalist.

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VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams

• A. Election of 1824
• Candidates John Quincy Adams
• William Crawford
• Andrew Jackson
• Henry Clay
• All Republicans!

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VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams

• Results Jackson won more electoral votes but
  no one won a majority. Clay gave his support
  to Adams, causing him to win. Clay then
  became his Secretary of State.
• Jackson called this a "corrupt bargain"
• and vowed revenge.
• -Adams presidency was unpopular because he
  tried to expand the government's powers.

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VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• A. Election of 1828
• -Jackson wins easily after forming
• the new Democratic Party.
• - Jackson identified with the poor, western
  farmers, and frontiersmen.
• -Jackson fired people in the government that
  opposed him replaced them with supporters.
• (spoils system)
• -He used his new power to veto and get revenge
  on his enemies.

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VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• B. Indian Removal Act of 1830
• -Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west
  of the Mississippi River.
• -Many Indians resisted and were removed by
  force.
• -"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to
  Oklahoma, losing 25 of their population

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VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• C. Nullification the National Bank-"The
  Monster"-
• Jackson believed in the supremacy of the federal
  government
• 1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the
  Union over unfair tariffs that favored
  northern
• merchants but hurt southern planters
• 2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with
  force.
• 3. Jackson disliked the national bank because
  it represented eastern wealth and
  aristocracy.
• He said it made"the rich richer the poor
  poorer."

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VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• 4. After the 1832 election, Jackson
• let the Bank's charter expire and
• the deposits were transferred to
• state banks.
• 5. Results of the Bank War
• -New York became the financial
• center for the country.
• -Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"

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VI. Jackson's Successors

• A. Martin Van Buren-1836
• After his election, depression set in.
• The Panic of 1837 was a result of
• Jackson's economic policies.
• This probably cost him re-election
• B. Election of 1840
• -Whigs nominated ex-General
• William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)
• -Harrison won but died one month after taking
  office.

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VI. Jackson's Successors

• C. John Tyler-
• He vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation,
  including a new National Bank. This caused
  division in the party.

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The Jefferson/Jackson Era

• 1800-1840

The Jefferson/Jackson era resulted in a more
politically active and aware population.
Political parties became essential to the
political system.