Andrew Jackson

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Andrew Jackson

• 1828 - 1834

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Election of 1824

• Background
• New political era in the 1800s with westward
  expansion gt SECTIONALISM
• Democratic-Republican Party was solid in office
  for 23 years
• Election of 1824 led to a split (sectional)
• John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, Henry Clay
  Andrew Jackson (all Republicans)

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Election Chart
Candidate/ Position Electoral Vote () Popular Vote ()
Andrew Jackson non committal 38 43
John Q. Adams central govt 32 31
William Crawford states rights 16 13
Henry Clay central govt national bank 14 13
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Election of 1824 cont.

• Results
• Jackson supported in West South
• Carried most electoral popular vote but no
  clear majority
• Crawford had a stroke so he was eliminated
• Clay threw his support to Adams
• Corrupt bargain Clay named Sec. of State

• Significance
• John Q. Adams becomes Pres.
• New voters in South West
• Democratic-Republican Party divided
• National Republicans led by Adams Clay
• Democrats led by Jackson

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Election of 1828

• Jackson
• Lacked a formal education
• Self-made man
• Popular in native South
• Champion of the people Take for your President
  a man from your body
• War of 1812 Hero Battle of New Orleans

• Adams
• Write vs. Fight
• Claimed Jackson a gambler lacked a proper
  education to serve in this position

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How does this political cartoon depict Jackson?
Do you think it was accurate? Why or why not?
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Election of 1828 continued

• Results
• Jackson carried every state in the South West
• He received 56 of the popular vote
• Adams only carried New England states
• Turning point because more people were voting
• Reduced state property qualifications to vote
  run for office
• 3 times more people voted

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Jacksons Policy

• Spoils System
• Jackson wanted to reform lazy govt workers so
  he gave his friends supporters jobs as a reward
• He felt justified because the best people for the
  job were those who were loyal to him
• Others claimed it was corrupt (his gambling
  poker buddies)
• 1/5 of office holders were opened up to the
  future President gt rotation in office
• Positives of this? Negatives??

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Banking Crisis

• When was the 1st Bank of the U.S. created? Why?
• Bank was up for charter renewal
• U.S. govt owned 20 of bank stock
• Jackson believed Congress did NOT have the power
  to do so

• Bank
• Symbol of privilege (rich getting rich)
• Loaned money to poor which created a cycle of
  debt
• Issue STATES RIGHTS
• How is power divided between the state federal
  govt?

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Bank continued

• States rights vs. federal authority
• No regulations on bank
• Bank printed too much money, gave out too many
  loans, people deposited money into banks run by
  friends
• Jackson vetoes the bank bill
• Congress overrides the veto (election year)

• Jackson saw Congressional actions as a threat
• He closed the bank moved govt accounts to the
  state banks
• DISASTER for economy gt loans inflation)
• But he was supported by the common man
• Use of checks balances
• Jackson wins in 1832!

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• STATE vs. FEDERAL
• Chief Justice John Marshall sided with the
  national govt on bank issue
• Bank held federal money so states couldnt tax it
• Bank notes represented gold but it gave out too
  many gt fraud
• This caused the Panic of 1837 (economic
  depression)
• Made it clear that national interests were more
  important than those of the state

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Tariff Controversy

• Tariff (tax) part of economy since 1816 but
  unpopular in South (why?)
• 1828 Congress passed a high tariff on European
  imports which angered the South why?
• Jacksons V.P. John Calhoun (from S. Carolina)
  wrote essays on States Rights NULLIFICATION

• Calhoun
• Resigns V.P. to take seat in S. Carolina Senate
• S. Carolina threatens to secede if govt collects
  tax
• Congress passes a bill to allow the President to
  use military force to collect taxes
• Henry Clay develops compromise reduce tax over
  10 years if S. Carolina doesnt secede

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American Indian Policy

• 1830 Indian Removal Act
• Jackson favored westward expansion because of
  exploits of war we earned it
• Supreme Court against policy
• Trail of Tears
• Not the 1st expulsion of Natives but represents a
  betrayal of promises/treaties
• Moved 18,000 Cherokees over 1000 miles to
  Oklahoma 4,000 died

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Political Parties

• Whigs/ National Republicans
• 1834 Jacksons opponents united as Whigs
• Led by Henry Clay Daniel Webster
• Included supporters of the Bank of U.S.,
  manufacturers in favor of tariff, wealthy
  businessmen, urban

• Democrats
• Roots with Jeffersons Democratic-Republicans of
  1792 but 1st Democratic Convention in 1832
• Led by Jackson
• Supporters included working class, immigrants,
  small farmers rural