THE JACKSONIAN ERA

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THE JACKSONIAN ERA
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Petticoat Affair (1830)

• Peggy Eaton
• Wife of Senator John Eaton
• Low-birth status, remarried quickly
• Scorned by the women of the capital
• Jackson sides with the Eatons
• Appoints John his Sec. of War
• Feud intensifies, cabinet members resign
• Calhoun eventually resigns as VP

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Rats Fleeing a Falling House
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Kitchen Cabinet
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1832 Tariff Conflict

• 1828 --gt Tariff of Abominations
• 1832 --gt new tariff
• South Carolinas reaction?
• Jacksons response?
• Clays Compromise Tariff?

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The Nullification Debate

• What is it?
• States have right to rule laws unconstitutional.
• When did it start?
• Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798
• What is the alternative to nullification?
• Secession Civil War

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What was the Nullification Crisis of the 1830s?

• 1828 Tariff Tariff of Abominations
• SC and other Southern states protest
• South Carolina Exposition and Protest, Calhoun
• Senators Daniel Webster Robert Hayne
• Debate 9 Days January 1830

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Hayne-Webster Debate

• Daniel Webster (MA)
• Fed. Govt. law is BINDING
• Constitutional argument WE THE PEOPLE
• Argument will be the basis for preserving the
  UNION

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Hayne-Webster Debate

• Senator Robert Hayne (SC)
• Represented States Rights
• Accused NE of disloyalty during War of 1812
• Supported Nullification

Nullification is the only protection against
Northern power.
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Jacksons Position

• Jefferson Day Toast 1830
• Jacksons toast Our Unionit must be
  preserved!
• Calhouns reply - The unionnext to our
  liberty, most dear!

The Presidents House 1830s
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Jackson Acts

• 1833 Force Bill passed
• 1833 New tariff passed with help of Clay
• Jackson signs the two bills crisis is averted
• SC repealed nullification, but also NULLIFIED the
  Force Bill!

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Indian Removal

• 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
• Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) domestic
  dependent nation
• Worcester v. GA (1832) GA had no authority
  over Cherokee

John Marshall has made his decision, now let him
enforce it! -Andrew Jackson
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Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
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Jacksons Use of Executive Power

• Vetoes 12 total (most by any president at that
  time)
• Maysville Road Veto (1830) veto on basis that
  internal improvements are state issue (Take that,
  Clay!)

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The Bank War
Nicholas Biddle vs. Andrew Jackson
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• Bank War
• (1832-1836)

• Jackson removed government deposits, placed them
  in state banks
• Biddle called in loans and refused any new ones
• Destroyed the state banks and caused recession

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Election of 1832
Bank was the main issue, and Jackson crushed.
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Jackson Fights the Monster
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The Monster is Destroyed

• 1832 ? Jackson vetoed the extension of
  the bank.
• 1834 ? Jackson censured by the Senate for
  actions
• 1836 ? Charter expired
• 1841 ? Bank went bankrupt without federal
  money

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Oh, the sweet, sweet irony
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(No Transcript)
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The Specie Circular (1836)

• Federal land purchases only with gold and silver
  (fight speculation inflation).
• Forces banks to back up notes with hard specie.

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Results of Specie Circular

• Banknotes loose their value
• Land sales plummeted
• Credit not available
• Businesses and banks fail
• Unemployment rose
• Induces the Panic of 1837!

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The Panic Spreads Quickly
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Jackson Liked Cheese
In 1835, Jackson was given a 1400 lb. block of
cheese as a gift. Not wanting to take it home in
1837, he held a reception for free cheese, and
10,000 moochers ate it in under 2 hours.
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The 1836 Election
Martin Van Buren Jacksons VP principal
founder of Democrat Party
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Election of 1840 Hard Cider Campaign
Martin Van Ruin vs. Ole Tippecanoe
Martin Van Ruin vs. Ole Tippecanoe
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Election of 1840
Van Buren gets pummeled.