Review for the Regents

1
Review for the Regents

• The Bill of Rights

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1st Amendment

• Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and
  petition.
• Not unrestricted- Schenck v. U.S. cannot create
  a clear and present danger
• Religion- Engel v. Vitale- Regents prayer
• Press- Hazelwood v. Kulhmeir- student newspaper.
• Speech- Bethel School District v. Frazier-
  student speech.

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2nd Amendment

• The right to possess firearms.
• Added because originally only had state militia.

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3rd Amendment

• No quarter of soldiers.
• Added because of the Quartering Act during the
  American Revolution.

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4th Amendment

• Protects against unreasonable searches and
  seizure.
• N.J. v. TLO- students can be searched- need
  reasonable suspicion not probable cause.
• Vernonia v. Acton- mandatory drug testing of
  student athletes is allowed.

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5th Amendment

• Life, liberty and property
• Due process
• Issues involved in this amendment abortion (Roe
  v. Wade), death penalty (Missouri v. Watkins),
  euthanasia.

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6th Amendment

• Trial by jury in a criminal case.

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7th Amendment

• Trial by jury in a civil case.

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8th Amendment

• Prohibits excessive bail, fines and punishment.
• Issue death penalty.

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9th Amendment

• Rights not mentioned in the Constitution belong
  to the people.

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10th Amendment

• Powers not given to the national government and
  the people are given to the state.

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13,14,15

• 13- ends slavery
• 14- citizenship
• 15-black male suffrage.
• Added because of the Civil War and Reconstruction.

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18 21

• 18- Prohibition
• Added because of domestic violence
• 21- repealed prohibition
• Added because of organized crime, speakeasies,
  bootlegging.

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19

• Womens suffrage
• Added because women went to work, sold war bonds,
  volunteered for the Red Cross during WWI.

15
22

• President limited to two terms.
• Added because FDR served 4 terms.

16
25

• Presidential succession and disability.
• Added because of the assassination of JFK

17
26

• Lowered voting age to 18.
• Added because of Vietnam.