Chapter 1 History

1
Chapter 1 History

• ARM Assembly Language Programming by Mazidi et al

2
1.1 Intro. To Microcontroller

• Microprocessors are connected to external RAM,
  ROM and I/O.
• Microcontrollers have the CPU, RAM,ROM, and I/O
  devices on a single IC chip (SOC-System on a
  Chip or Micro Controller Unit (MCU)).

3
Three Traditional Groupings

• Desktops
• Servers
• Embedded Systems
• Special purpose computers

4
Microcontroller History

• 1980s and 1990s Intel and Motorolla dominated.
• Intelx86, Pentium and more.
• Motorolla is now Freescale.68xxxx
• These were 32 bit processors.

5
Microcontroller History (cont.)

• Low end (8 bit controllers) dominated by 68HC11
  and the 8051 from Intel.
• NOW Leaders in volume for 8 bits
• MicrochipPIC
• ATMELAVR
• Late 1990s ARM challenged dominance of 32 bit
  market.
• Currently Freescale has the PowerPC and Coldfire
  processors, but ARM dominates.

6
Current History

• 32 bitARM, AVR32 (ATMEL), ColdFire (Freescale)
  MIPS32 MIPS Technology, PIC 32(Microchip), Power
  PC, TriCore (Infineon), SuperH (RenesasJapan)
• 16-bitMSP430, HCS12 (Freescale), Pic 24
  (Microchip), dsPIC (Microchipt
• 8-bit8051, AVR (Atmel), HCS) (Freescale),
  PIC16, PIC18.

7
ARM History

• 1982 Acorn
• 1983 Acorn and VLSI began designing ARM
• 1985Acorn Computer Groupfirst commercial RISC
  processor
• ARMv14Mhz, 2500 transistors

8
More ARM History

• 1987Acorns ARMfirst RISC processor for
  low-cost PCs.
• 1989ARMv3
• 25Mhz
• 4KB cache

9
More ARM HISTORY (cont.)

• 1990 Adv. RISC Machines (ARM) spins out of Acorn
  and Apple. VLSI Technology is an investorplan
  to create a new microprocessor standard.
• 1991embeddable RISC core, ARM6 used ARMv3
  architecture.
• 1992 GEC Plessy and Sharp license ARM technology

10
More ARM History (cont.)

• 1993Ti license ARM technology and ARM introduces
  ARM7 core.
• 1995 Thumb architecture announced32 bit
  performance at 16-bit system cost
• 1996-- ARM 8 10 introduced ARM and Microsoft
  work togetherWindows CE extended to ARM
  architecture.
• 1997Hyundai, Lucent, Philip, Rockwell and Sony
  license ARM technology.
• ARM9TDIMI family announced.

11
More History

• 1998HP, IBM, Matsushita, Seiko Epson and
  Qualcomm license ARM technology.
• Synthesizable ARM 7 TDMI coreARM
• partners shipped 50 million ARM-based products.
• 1999LSI Logic, STMicroelectronics and Fujitsu
  license ARM technology
• Synthesizeable ARM 9E with enhanced signal
  processing announced.
• 2000Agilent, Altera, Micronas, Mitsubishi,
  Motorola, Sanyo, Triscend and ZTEIC license ARM
  Technology
• SecurCore family for smartcards launched
• TSMC and UMC became members of ARM Foundry
  Program

12
Today --History

• Currently its revenue comes from licenses.
• Does not own start of the art fabrication
  facility.
• Business Modelsell intellectual property (IP).
• ARM is CPU of choice for cell phones and hand
  held devices.
• ARM7 is their high end ARM Cortex is being used
  as competitor to 8 and 16 bit microcontrollers.

13
Peripherals

• Many versions of ARM architecture.
• Peripherals are added by each manufacturers
• For example, the I/O ports, serial port UART,
  timer, ADC, SPI, DAC, I2C.
• Compatibility becomes a software issuebut there
  are peripheral libraries provided by some
  software vendors. (Keil, or IAR).
• In recent years, ARM does provide IP for some
  peripherals, but adoption is not mandatory.