GC unit 11 Part 2 The holocaust The post war world

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GC unit 11 Part 2The holocaustThe post war
world
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The Final Solution

• Hitler put the SS in charge of implementing the
  plan to eliminate the Jews
• Reinhard Heydrich (SS)
• Ghettos, mobile killing units, death camps (1942)
• Auschwitz
• The death toll
• 5-6 million Jews
• Another 9-10 million (gypsies, slavs etc..)

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The Home front

• In the US Social turmoil created by econ.
  mobilization
• Frequent movement of people (boomtowns)
• African Americans moved North and West looking
  for jobs (race riots)
• 1 million African Americans enlisted in the armed
  forces (segregation)
• Japanese Americans (Internment camps)

Levittown
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JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMP LOCATIONS
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(No Transcript)
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Women and the Workforce

• By 1944 19,170,000 women in the labor force.
• Between 1940 and 1945, the female labor force
  grew by 50 percent
• Between 1943 and 1945, polls indicated that 61 to
  85 percent of women workers wanted to keep their
  jobs after the war
• Did they?

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Rosie the Riveter
Real Riveters
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The Peace and the New War

• Cold War Political tensions caused by the
  ideological conflict between the US and USSR
• The Teheran Conference (November 1943)
• The big three (FDR, Stalin, Churchill)
• Schedule D-Day
• Agree to partition Germany following the war

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The Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)

• German defeat obvious.
• A-bomb still uncertain
• Agree to the creation of a United Nations and 4
  zones of occupation for Germany
• Stalin desires a buffer zone of sympathetic
  govts)
• He promised free elections but never delivered
• FDR wants self-determination for Eastern Europe
• However Roosevelt feels he will need Stalins
  help against Japan

THE BIG THREE
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The Potsdam Conference (July 1945)

• FDR gone. Truman does not trust Stalin
• Truman demands free elections Stalin says no
• We now have the bomb (Hiroshima video)
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_rHrV2QhArA
• Trumans options at this point????
• March of 1946 Churchills Iron Curtain speech
• Stalin brands this a call to war with the USSR

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The Nuremberg Trials
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The charges
http//www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/n
uremberg/meetthedefendants.htmlGoering

• 19 defendants (1 absent)
• 2 acquitted (Franz Von Papen, Hans Fritzsche)
• 12 condemned to death
• They attempted to use the trial as a platform to
  justify their actions
• 4 Counts
• Conspiracy to commit the crimes listed below
• Crimes against peace
• War crimes
• Crimes against humanity

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Rape of Nanking 1937-1938
http//www.ocf.berkeley.edu/wwu/truth/genocide.sh
tml
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The Causes of the Cold War

• Rivalry in Europe
• The Truman Doctrine (1947)
• to nations to help defend against Communism
  (born out of fear)
• The Marshall Plan
• Sec. of State George Marshall
• 13 billion for European economic recovery
• Poverty opens the door for Communism
• Soviets saw this as an attempt to control the
  pol/econ of other nations
• Soviets answer with COMECON for their satellite
  states in Eastern Europe (not enough money)
• Politically linked by the Cominform
• American policy becomes containment

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The Division of Germany

• Originally divided into 4 zones
• The City of Berlin, deep in the Soviet zone, was
  also divided into 4 zones
• Feb 1948 Fr, GB and the US were ready to create a
  West German government by combing their 3 zones
  and Berlin
• Soviets object and blockade supplies to the West
  Berlin (2.5 million people in 3 zones)
• The Berlin Airlift was used to prevent WW III
• 10 months 2.3 million tons of supplies
• Soviets lifted the blockade in ay of 1949 after
  10 months
• September 1949 Federal Republic of Germany (Bonn)
  and the German Democratic Republic (East Berlin)

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The Spread of the Cold War

• 1949 Communists gain control of China
• 1949 Soviet Union 1st A-Bomb test
• Arms race
• Hydrogen Bombs
• ICBMs
• MAD
• Space race (Sputnik orbits in 1957)
• New Military alliances
• NATO April 1949 (North West Europe, Canada and
  the US)
• SEATO and CENTO were formed as well to help stem
  Soviet aggression
• 1955 The Warsaw Pact (USSR, Czech, Bulgaria,
  Romania, Poland, Hungary, E. Germany, Albania)

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The Berlin Wall

• Nikita Khrushchev took over as the leader of the
  USSR in 1955 after Stalins death
• E needed to stop the flow of East Germans that
  were escaping into West Berlin and out of the
  country
• August 1961 he began the Berlin Wall
• Became a symbol of the division of the two
  superpowers

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The Cuban Missile Crisis

• 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban dictator
  Fulgencio Batista and set up a Soviet supported
  Communist regime
• New President JFK approved a plan for Cuban
  exiles to try and retake the island (Bay of Pigs)
• This plan was an enormous disaster
• The Soviets sent arms and advisors to Cuba
• 1962 Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles
  in Cuba
• We have missiles in Turkey
• JFK puts blockade in place
• Solution USSR backed down when JFK promised no
  invasion

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Vietnam and the Domino Theory

• US troops and advisors hope to keep the
  Communists in the North from gaining control in
  South Vietnam
• If Vietnam fell other countries in S. East Asia
  might also (Domino theory)
• Lyndon B. Johnson