How Are Animals Classified? The study of animals is called Zoology!

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How Are Animals Classified?The study of animals
is called Zoology!

• Ch. 7
• Lesson 3
• Mr. Hughes

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Characteristics of Animals

• Many celled with specialized cells that form
  tissues and organs
• Require oxygen to breathe
• Consume other organisms to get nutrients and
  energy
• Able to move at some point in lives
• Reproduce sexually

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Symmetry

• Matching pattern of body shape
• Radial symmetry-body parts arranged equally
  around a middle point
• -starfish

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Symmetry Continued

• Bilateral symmetry-body parts with two similar
  halves
• -dog

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Some superheroes like a little symmetry to strike
fear into the hearts of villains!
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Asymmetry

• Whenever A precedes a word, that means
  without. (Abiotic?)

• There is no symmetry.

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Invertebrates

• Animals without backbones
• Very diverse and include largest number of animal
  species
• Sponges-simple animals lack symmetry and organs
• Mollusks-soft-bodies that sometimes have outer
  shells
• -clams, oysters, snails, squid
• Arthropods-largest and most diverse group only
  invertebrates with jointed appendages
• -lobsters, crabs, spiders, insects

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Vertebrates

• Animals with backbones
• Backbone-series of bones joined together with
  cartilage
• Warm-blooded or cold-blooded
• Cold-blooded-body temperature depends on
  temperature outside body
• -reptiles, amphibians, fish
• Warm-blooded-maintain constant internal body
  temperature
• -birds, mammals

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Fish

• Most have bony skeleton, but some have skeleton
  made of cartilage (shark)
• Gills allow to breathe by taking in oxygen from
  water
• Most are cold-blooded and covered with scales
• Swim bladder helps move up and down
• Well-developed sensory system including sense of
  smell

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Amphibians

• Need to live close to water, but dont spend
  entire lives in it
• Some have lungs
• Others use smooth surface of skin to exchange
  gases with air
• Need water to reproduce
• Some have tails, such as salamander and newt
• Smooth, moist skin

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Reptiles

• Tough outer skin
• Most lay eggs with tough outer covering so dont
  dry out
• Dry, flexible, scaly skin provide a waterproof
  coating which helps conserve water
• Cold-blooded
• Snakes, turtles, tortoises, lizards, alligators,
  crocodiles,

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Birds

• Have feathers which help fly
• All have feathers and wings, but not all can fly
  (ostrich)
• Beaks instead of teeth
• Sharp, hooked beaks allow birds to eat mammals,
  fish, and other birds
• -birds of prey eagles, falcons, owls
• Long, thin beaks allow them to dig into tree bark
  for insects
• -woodpeckers

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Mammals

• Most complex organs and
• nervous systems in animal kingdom
• Large brain
• Hair
• Feed milk to young
• Give birth to live young
• -exceptions duck-billed platypus and spiny
  anteater
• Have teeth-sharp or flat
• Move to find food, escape from predator, or other
  reasons

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Classification System

• Scientists divide kingdoms into smaller groups to
  organize.
• Seven levels of classification
• -kingdom
• -phylum
• -class
• -order food helps determine
• -family share many characteristics
• -genus
• -species most specific able to breed
• with each other

Homo Sapien is what species we are. There are two
subspecies within this grouping, Homo Sapien
Sapien, and Homo Sapien Neandertales (the
Neandertals). Many people classify Neandertals as
their own species.