Map of Ancient Greece

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• Throughout most of their classical history, the
  Greeks were never unified politically or
  militarily. They were simply a group of
  independent city-states that shared a common
  culture (religion, language, traditions.)

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• The Greeks fought each other more than they
  fought non-Greeks (who they referred to as
  barbarians because their language sounded like
  sheep sounds).
• All this changed when a large eastern empire
  (the Persians) invaded the Greek world.

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II. Persian Wars (500-479 B.C.E.)

• Cause
• Persia invasions
• Greece
• Battle of Marathon
• Battles of Thermopolae Salamis.

• Result
• Greece won, but rivalry between the city-states
  caused the Peloponnesian Wars.

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• Persians
• Largest army navy in the world.
• Poorly armored (short spears, and wicker
  shields)
• Cultural differences leading to poor motivation.
• Long time to organize, required a lot of
  supplies.

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III. The Golden Age

• Greeces victory over the Persians gave rise to
  the Golden Age of Greek culture.
• Achievements during the Golden Age
• Democracy - Medicine
• Philosophy - Science
• Drama - History
• Poetry - Art

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Socrates is considered The Father of Greek
philosophy
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• He believed that people needed to think for
  themselves by questioning everything.
• He argued that
• pure truth could
• never really be
• discovered.
• He often criticized
• democracy.

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Plato

• A student of Socrates, who believed in rule by an
  aristocracy.
• Wrote The Republic

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Aristotle

• A student of Plato teacher to Alexander the
  Great.
• He explored the idea of good government (which
  governments make the best men.)
• He developed rules of logic (men are ruled by
  natural laws.)

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Sophocles was a Greek dramatist who wrote
tragedies such as Oedipus Rex Antigone
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• Hippocrates was a Greek medical scholar who
  looked for natural rather than supernatural
  causes of illnesses.

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Aristarchus

• Greek astronomer who believed in the Heliocentric
  theory (the sun is the center of the solar
  system.)
• His theory was opposed by Claudius Ptolemy who
  taught that the earth is the center of the solar
  system (Geocentric).

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Erastosthenes

• Greek astronomer who calculated the circumference
  of the earth with amazing accuracy by measuring
  angles of the sun.
• This information was forgotten until Columbus
  incorrect estimation in1492.

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• Archimedes
• Greek physicist who
• studied pulleys and levers.
• He developed theories of
• power force.

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• Aristotle
• Greek philosopher that collected, described, and
  classified plants animals. This was the
  foundations of western botany, zoology anatomy.

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• Pythagoras
• Greek
• mathematician
• who developed
• the Pythagorean
• theorem.

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Characteristics of Greek Art

• Glorified Human beings
• Represented the City-state
• Represented the Greek Ideas of beauty and
  usefulness

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IV. Pelonponnesian Wars(431-404 BCE)

• Cause
• Rivalry between Greek city-states after the
  Persian Wars.

• Result
• Weakened city-states thus facilitated the
  invasion of the Macedonians lead by (Phillip II
  and
• Alexander the Great)

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• To protect the Aegean from further Persian
  threat, Athens formed a military alliance called
  the Delian League.
• Out of fear of an Athenian Empire, Sparta also
  formed a military alliance called the
  Peloponnesian League.

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• It wasnt long until the Greeks forgot the unity
  they had enjoyed against the Persians and began
  to fight each other again.
• In 431 B.C.E. the two Leagues went to war.

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The war lasted until 404 B.C.E. with the
surrender of Athens to Sparta. But the war left
all of Greece weakened and vulnerable to outside
attack.
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V. Rise of Macedonia

• Known as the Hellenistic Age (379 144 B.C.E.)
• Lasted from the Fall of Greece to the Rise of Rome

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Greece was finally conquered in 379 B.C.E. by the
Macedonians. Under the leadership of Philip
and His son Alexander.
Philip of -----------Macedonia Alexander of
Macedonia ----------
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Philip of Macedonia

• Macedonia was the northern part of Greece. It
  was a buffer zone between the Greek world and the
  barbarians. The Macedonians admired Greek
  culture but most Greeks saw them as
  hillbillies/rednecks.
• In his desire to be more Greek King Philip
  conquered the Greeks after the Peloponnesian War.

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Alexander the Great

• He promised the Greeks in return for their
  alliance, he would conquer Persia.
• His empire stretched from Greece to the Indus
  River
• His civilization was a mix of Greek and Eastern
  elements called the Hellenistic Culture.

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The End!