History of Educational Technology

1
History of Educational Technology
Source Garo,C. (2007). Teaching educational
technology. Manila Rex Publishing Company.
2
Ancient Civilization

• use of pointed sticks to inscript signs and
  symbols on the leaves
• use of knives to inscript signs and symbols on
  the bark of trees

3
Egyptians (3100 B.C.)

• developed a system of picture writing called
  hieroglyphics
• Hieroglyphics may represent the objects for
  which they stand for or represent a sound or
  group of sounds
• Scribes group of men trained on the art of
  writing and came to be the countrys chronicler
  of events

4
Ancient Greece

• Spartan Education emphasized the development of
  the physical body coupled with discipline
• Boys ? exercises and activities that promoted
  bodily strength, endurance, and vitality
• ? activities dancing, wrestling, horseback
  riding, swimming, gymnastics
• ? Paidonomus the boys teacher a military
  commander in the public barracks
• Girls ? stayed at home with their mothers and
  were taught housekeeping

5
Athens

• first to recognize the right of the individual to
  develop to the fullest
• believed that the mind and the body has a strong
  relationship
• prime concern of music schools, grammar schools,
  and public gymnasiums / palaestra is developing
  the mind and the body

6

• Sophists
• - wandering scholars
• - emphasized cognitive rules, systematic
  arrangement of subject matter, use of
  instructional technologies, design and
  implementation of effective instructional
  materials

7
Medieval Era

• establishment of the Medieval University
• Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158 chartered
  the first university
• ? degrees offered were expanded which required
  students to engage in more in depth studies and
  to write their theses, defend them in public
  before the deans, facultas, and rectors

8

• Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain
• aim of education was search for knowledge and the
  application of scientific facts to their daily
  lives
• their curriculum was the most organized and
  complete in the elementary, secondary, and
  collegiate levels
• their universities and libraries were the models
  in the entire Europe because they invented the
  printing press
• originated the scientific method of teaching

9
Renaissance Period

• modern times began
• lines of concern intellectual, aesthetic, and
  scientific
• movements humanism, disciplinism, and
  rationalism
• Rationalism contributed to the development of
  educational technology especially along theories
  and practices

10

• John Locke nature of the childs mind at birth
  (tabula rasa)
• Johann Amos Comenius developed the first picture
  book known as Orbis Pictus (The World in
  Pictures)
• ? pioneer in instructional technology
  development
• - Maria Montessori use of multi-sensory
  materials in teaching

11
Age of Naturalism

• - Jean Jacques Rousseau authored the book Emile
• ? aim of education was the preservation of the
  natural goodness of the individual and the
  formation of society based upon the recognition
  of natural individual rights
• Herbartian Method of Teaching preparation,
  presentation, comparison and abstraction,
  generalization and application

12

• Pestallozi believed that teaching is more
  effective if it proceeds from concrete to
  abstract, hence the use of actual and real
  objects that involve most of the senses
• Froebel father of kindergarten
• ? emphasized the use of actual objects which
  could be manipulated by the learners
• ? recommended the use of play and songs

13
19th Century

• John Dewey formulated the scientific theory of
  learning pragmatist
• Edward Thorndike laws of learning connectionist
• paved the way to the development of effective
  educational technology including the production
  of books, use of blackboards, and improvement of
  writing implements

14

• photography was invented giving way to a movement
  called visual instruction
• visual media became widely accepted in 1920
• audio-visual media texts was published
• in 1926, educational films were used as
  instructional media
• in 1932, the first instructional TV program was
  aired at the State University of Iowa

15

• 16mm sound motion picture was developed\
• during the 2nd World War movies, filmstrips,
  radio, and other pictorial devices were used in
  military trainings
• programmed instruction by Skinner
• Blooms taxonomy of educational objectives
• use of modularized instruction

16
Contemporary Times

• multimedia resources and computers in classrooms
• maintenance of an educational media center
• revision and enrichment of curricular offerings
  to include courses in computer applications
• use of CAI

17

• use of multimedia presentations in the classrooms
• educational organizations are linking up with
  TEIs
• use of Internet and E-mail for fast-paced
  interactive learning, communication, and search
  for information
• computer literacy programs for ISYs and OSYs
• computers became more user-friendly