CHAPTER 1: The post - war transformation of Western Europe

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CHAPTER 1 The post - war transformation of
Western Europe
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1. Historical divisions 1.1. The
inheritanceEurope a divided continent gt
Different factorsexplain the number of States
within Europe
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Economic and political divisions gt Economic
division the consequence of overseas marketgt
Political division Democracy gtlt Autocracy
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1.2. The background to the second World Wargt
Lack of agreements and fragile alliances between
the European Statesgt The League of Nations
Security aim3 problems1) Too vague2) Not
supranational3) Different State approaches
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2. The post-war transformation  2.1. Unbroken
PeaceFrom suspicion to friendshipgt Common
military policy against USSR NATO
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2.2. A transformed agendagt Armed conflicts
low policy issuesgt Negotiations on important
economic and political matters
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2.3. New channels and processes gt Gradual
transformation in which States interrelates with
one another 
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3. Explaining the transformation and its
nature 3.1. The deep roots of
integration?gtHistorical dimension (cfr
Hallstein) gtlt Economic dimensiongtFailure of
economic alliances too weak to unify Europe
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3.2. The impact of the second world war2
factors- POLITICAL FACTORS1) Combating
nationalismgt1949 creation of the council of
Europe
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2) The new political map of Europegt
Eastern Europe gtlt Western Europe- Truman
doctrine- Marshall plan- NATO
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3) The new international power balancegtVoice
of Western Europe should be heard on the world
stage
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4) The German problemgtFederal republic
of Germany gtlt German democratic republicgt the
Soviet Union was replacing Germany as the
perceived principal threat to democracy and
stability in Western Europe.
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ECONOMIC FACTORS gt 1944 Bretton wood
conferencegt 1947 GATTgt Marshall plangt
1948 establishment of OEEC
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3.3. Interdependence

• Economic interdependence
• Trade Western European focussed
• From the 1960s Monetary power held by Germany
• Advances in communication and travel have
  increasingly placed new international issues

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3.4. National considerations

• gt Variation on the level of integration and
  cooperation among States

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THE FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE EC Belgium,
France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the
Netherlands
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gtBenelux countries small countries gt Italy
Assistance against communism economic
reasonsgt France containment of Germany and
economic growth
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CONCLUSIONgtTransformation in the
communicationgtDifficult integration