Physiological Influences in Psychology

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Physiological Influences in Psychology
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Mapping Brain Functions from the Inside

• Hall
• Flourens
• Mike, the headless chicken

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Extirpation

• a technique for determining the function of a
  given part of the animals brain by removing it
  or destroying it and observing the resulting
  behavior changes

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Clinical method

• posthumous examination of brain structures to
  detect damaged areas assumed to be responsible
  for behavioral conditions that existed before
  that person died

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Paul Broca

• Brocas area
• Used clinical method
• Phineas Gage

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Research on Brain Functions, mapping from the
Outside

• Franz Josef Gall (1758-1828)
• Phrenology
• Spurzheim

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Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)

• Electric stimulation in the leg of a frog
• Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934)

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The Beginnings of Experimental Psychology

• Germany
• Helmholtz
• Weber
• Fechner
• Wundt (next chapter)

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Herman Helmholtz (1821-1894)

• Jack of all trades
• Invented opthalmoscope
• Young-Helmholtz

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Ernst Weber (1795-1878)

• Just noticeable Differences The smallest
  difference that ca be detected between two
  physical stimuli.
• Two-Point Thresholds the threshold at which two
  points can be distinguished as such

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Gustav Fechner

• Dr. Mises
• The effects of the intensities are not absolute
  but relative to the sensation that already exists.

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Thresholds

• Absolute threshold the point of sensitivity
  below which no sensations can be detected and
  above which no sensations can be experienced.
• Differential Threshold The point of sensitivity
  at which the least amount of change in a stimulus
  gives rise to a change in sensation.