American History Chapter 13 Section 2 The Early Cold War Years

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American HistoryChapter 13 Section 2The Early
Cold War Years

• -Marking Period Grades Posted
• -Missing Assignments/Makeup work?
• -Begin Slideshow

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1. Containment Policy

• The United States would help or aid any nation
  threatened by Communist aggression.
• Area of Communist aggression Eastern Europe and
  Asia

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2. Kennans Long Telegram

• George Kennan was U.S. ambassador to the Soviet
  Union.
• He explained that Soviets felt insecure believed
  they were in a long term historical struggle
  against capitalist.
• Telegram also explained that communism could be
  beaten with war. It would be beaten by preventing
  expansion of communism

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3. Crisis in Iran

• March 1946
• During WWII Soviet troops were located in
  Northern Iran and U.S. troops in south.
• After War Soviets refuse to pull troops out and
  demand oil resources and encourage Iranians to
  set up communist government.
• U.S. moves U.S Missouri to Eastern Mediterranean.
  Soviet finally withdraw.

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4. Truman Doctrine

• The United States policy during the Cold War
  first stated by President Truman.
• Goal was to aid free peoples who are resisting
  attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by
  outside pressures.
• Pledged that the U.S. would fight communism
  across the globe.

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5. Marshall Plan

• Was purposed June 1947 by U.S. Secretary of State
  George C. Marshall
• Would give direct aid to European nations to
  recover after WWII
• Soviet Union and their satellite nations reject
  offer.
• Gave billions of dollars to European countries
  and help create new trade relationships for the
  U.S.

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6. Berlin Crisis

• United States wanted industry and the economy to
  recover in Germany.
• The Soviets still demand war reparations and a
  weak German industry.
• Soviet Union and U.S. brought very close to war.

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7. West Germany Founded

• The U.S., French, and British zones were allowed
  to join forming West Germany
• West Berlin also formed
• Were not allowed to have an Army but were
  otherwise fully independent

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8. Berlin Airlift

• When West Germany formed the Soviets knew they
  would not receive war reparations.
• June 1948 Soviets cut all roads and rail traffic
  to Berlin.
• Truman ordered Airlift of over 2 million tons of
  supplies to west Berlin
• Stalin lifted blockade May 1949

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9. NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Military alliance between the U.S. and western
  Europe.
• 12 countries agreed to come to the aid of any of
  the others if they were attacked.
• To counteract NATO the Soviets started the Warsaw
  pact.

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10. Asian Cold War

• The United States is not only conflicted by the
  Cold War in Europe.
• Tensions between the United States and Korea and
  China led to armed conflict.

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11. Chinas Civil War

• Beginning in the early 1920s the Chinese
  communist and nationalist forces fought for
  control of the country.
• Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek
• Communist leader Mao Zedong
• U.S. aided the nationalist however they still
  lost control of government by 1949.
• October 1949 Peoples Republic of China formed.

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12. Chinese Communist

• 1950 The Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet
  Union sign treaty of friendship.
• Initially were not able to take control of
  Chinas seat in the United Nations.
• Many people in the United States feared China and
  Soviet Union would attempt to influence other
  nations to set up communist governments.

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13. U.S. Allies With Japan

• After WWII the United States lead an effort in
  Japan to rebuild Japan.
• General Douglas McArthur wanted to introduce
  democracy to the Japanese people
• The United States wanted the Japanese industry to
  recover rapidly.

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14. Korean War

• At the end of WWII Soviet and U.S. troops entered
  Korea to disarm Japanese troops.
• Divided Korea at 38th Parallel
• Soviets established communist government in the
  North and gave large amounts of aid to military.
  
• U.S. sets up free government in south.
• N. Korean troops invade S. Korea June 25th 1950

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15. UN in Korea

• Truman viewed the invasion of S. Korea as a test
  of U.S. containment policy.
• Ordered U.S. naval and airpower into action.
• Because the Soviets boycotted the U.N. security
  council they were not able to veto the U.N.
  sending troops to aid S. Korea.
• Sept. 1950 McAurthur lands behind enemy lines and
  pushed N. Korean troops back to Chinese boarder.

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16. China Enters Korean War

• Chinese communist saw the U.N. troops as a
  threat.
• China decided to launch an invasion across the
  Yalu River
• Chinese troops fought U.N. troops back across
  38th parallel
• McArthur wanted the U.S. to go to war against
  China and set up a blockade.

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17. Truman Fires MacArthur

• Truman fired MacArthur because he did not wish to
  expand the war into China.
• MacArthur also wanted to use atomic weapons
  against the Chinese.
• Truman wanted to fight a limited war and simply
  contain communism.

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18. U.S. Policy Changes

• U.N troops were able to push communist forces
  back across the 38th Parallel.
• After 1950 and the U.S. military support of S.
  Korea began a major shift in U.S. policy.
• After this point the U.S. used not only aid and
  political pressure to contain communism they also
  used a strong military buildup.