Title: Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework 2 Hydro Power and Student Presentations
1Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework
2Hydro Power and Student Presentations
- Ethan Evans
- Hydro Powers Role
- Ngawang Choeda
- Bhutans Energy Needs
- Rebeka Davidova
- European vs American Transportation Initiatives
- Vladimir Arevalo
- World Sugar Cane Biofuel Trade
2Homework 2 Answers
- I. According to the Natural Gas Weekly, the cost
of natural gas this week is 10/million Btu. What
is the value of the LNG on our tanker in
Portland? It had 830,000,000 kWh of LNG on board. - 1 kWhr 3,412 Btu
- Btu in tanker 830x106 x 3.412 x1032.832x1012
- At 10/million Btu 2.832x1012x10/106
- Total Worth 28,320,000 I.e. 28.3 million
3- II. What is the carbon tax to be paid by the LNG
users if it is charged at 37/Ton of carbon.Show
your calculation of the of carbon in a ton of
LNG. - LNG is mostly methane CH4 1x124x116
- So Carbon is about 12/16 0.75 of the weight.
Density of the LNG is about 1 M3.405 Tons and we
had 145,000(.93) M3 from last week. - Weight is about 145,000x0.93x0.405 54,600 tons
- 54,600 x 0.75 40,950 tons of carbon that will be
converted to CO2 when burned. - At 37/ton 37x40,950 1,515,000 1.5 million
4- III. Update the charts of Figure 7.2 for EROEI of
Tar Sands and Oil Shale, using EROEI1.5 for Tar
Sands and EROEI2.0 for Oil Shale. I.e. give the
number of 1015 kJ remaining for extractable
energy from Tar Sands and Oil Shale assuming part
of their own energy is used for the extraction. - Tar Sands ER5,700 1015 kj
- EIER/1.53,800 1015 kj
- Remaining energy 5,700-3,800 1,900 1015 kj
- Oil Shale ER11,000 1015 kj
- EI ER/2 5,500 1015 kj
- Remaining energy 11,000 5500 5,500 1015 kj
5Tar Sands 1,925 1015 kj Oil Shale5,500 1015 kj
- IV. What is the expected lifetime for use of Tar
Sands and Oil Shale using the updated values and
assuming each would supply one half of the world
supply of energy, use 160x1015 Btu/year? - 1 kj 0.948 Btu
- Tar Sands 1,900 x .948/160 11.25 years
- Oil Shale 5,500 x .948/16032.6 years
6- V. How long will Tar Sands and Oil Shale last if
the use grows at 3 per year? - From page 204
- Lifetime with growth(1/m)lnm x (Lifetime w/o
growth) - Tar Sands (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 11.351 9.76
years - Oil Shale (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 32.61 22.7
years - FYI
- The EROEI for Coal is given by World Nuclear
Association around 17 (not including conversion
to electricity).this gives - 290,000 1015 kj /1717,000 1015 kj used
- Remaining 272,900 1015 kj supplying all the world
energy gives 272,900 x .948/(2x 160) 808 years - With 3 growth, (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 8081 107
years
7Hydropower
8Example dams
9Crand Coulie
10Stator Construction
11Spillway
12Turbine
13View of Coulie
Grand Coulee Dam Colombia River Washington State
14 Hoover Dam
15La Grande Complex, Quebec, Canada
16Itapu dam Brazil/Paraguay
17Three Gorges dam, China
18Guri dam Venezuela
19Krasnoyarsk dam Russia
Krasnoyarsk dam, Russia
20Global Capacity Estimates
21Continental Estimates
22Hydropower installation
23Calculating CapacityZ net height of water
headQ volumetric flow ratee efficiency 0.3
to 0.8
24River Diversion dam
25Turbine operating regions
26Pelton Turbines
27Francis and Kaplan turbines
28Francis Turbines
29Kaplan Turbines
30How to Harness an Andean river
How would you harness an Andean River?
31Peru hydroplant
32The pros and the cons
33Global resource
34World Production
35Fish Friendly Turbine
36An exciting trip through a turbine
37Or Fish ladders
38Salmon going to spawn