Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework 2 Hydro Power and Student Presentations

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Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework
2Hydro Power and Student Presentations

• Ethan Evans
• Hydro Powers Role
• Ngawang Choeda
• Bhutans Energy Needs
• Rebeka Davidova
• European vs American Transportation Initiatives
• Vladimir Arevalo
• World Sugar Cane Biofuel Trade

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Homework 2 Answers

• I. According to the Natural Gas Weekly, the cost
  of natural gas this week is 10/million Btu. What
  is the value of the LNG on our tanker in
  Portland? It had 830,000,000 kWh of LNG on board.
• 1 kWhr 3,412 Btu
• Btu in tanker 830x106 x 3.412 x1032.832x1012
• At 10/million Btu 2.832x1012x10/106
• Total Worth 28,320,000 I.e. 28.3 million

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• II. What is the carbon tax to be paid by the LNG
  users if it is charged at 37/Ton of carbon.Show
  your calculation of the of carbon in a ton of
  LNG.
• LNG is mostly methane CH4 1x124x116
• So Carbon is about 12/16 0.75 of the weight.
  Density of the LNG is about 1 M3.405 Tons and we
  had 145,000(.93) M3 from last week.
• Weight is about 145,000x0.93x0.405 54,600 tons
• 54,600 x 0.75 40,950 tons of carbon that will be
  converted to CO2 when burned.
• At 37/ton 37x40,950 1,515,000 1.5 million

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• III. Update the charts of Figure 7.2 for EROEI of
  Tar Sands and Oil Shale, using EROEI1.5 for Tar
  Sands and EROEI2.0 for Oil Shale. I.e. give the
  number of 1015 kJ remaining for extractable
  energy from Tar Sands and Oil Shale assuming part
  of their own energy is used for the extraction.
• Tar Sands ER5,700 1015 kj
• EIER/1.53,800 1015 kj
• Remaining energy 5,700-3,800 1,900 1015 kj
• Oil Shale ER11,000 1015 kj
• EI ER/2 5,500 1015 kj
• Remaining energy 11,000 5500 5,500 1015 kj

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Tar Sands 1,925 1015 kj Oil Shale5,500 1015 kj

• IV. What is the expected lifetime for use of Tar
  Sands and Oil Shale using the updated values and
  assuming each would supply one half of the world
  supply of energy, use 160x1015 Btu/year?
• 1 kj 0.948 Btu
• Tar Sands 1,900 x .948/160 11.25 years
• Oil Shale 5,500 x .948/16032.6 years

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• V. How long will Tar Sands and Oil Shale last if
  the use grows at 3 per year?
• From page 204
• Lifetime with growth(1/m)lnm x (Lifetime w/o
  growth)
• Tar Sands (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 11.351 9.76
  years
• Oil Shale (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 32.61 22.7
  years
• FYI
• The EROEI for Coal is given by World Nuclear
  Association around 17 (not including conversion
  to electricity).this gives
• 290,000 1015 kj /1717,000 1015 kj used
• Remaining 272,900 1015 kj supplying all the world
  energy gives 272,900 x .948/(2x 160) 808 years
• With 3 growth, (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 8081 107
  years

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Hydropower
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Example dams
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Crand Coulie
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Stator Construction
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Spillway
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Turbine
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View of Coulie
Grand Coulee Dam Colombia River Washington State
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Hoover Dam
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La Grande Complex, Quebec, Canada
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Itapu dam Brazil/Paraguay
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Three Gorges dam, China
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Guri dam Venezuela
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Krasnoyarsk dam Russia
Krasnoyarsk dam, Russia
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Global Capacity Estimates
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Continental Estimates
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Hydropower installation
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Calculating CapacityZ net height of water
headQ volumetric flow ratee efficiency 0.3
to 0.8
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River Diversion dam
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Turbine operating regions
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Pelton Turbines
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Francis and Kaplan turbines
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Francis Turbines
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Kaplan Turbines
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How to Harness an Andean river
How would you harness an Andean River?
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Peru hydroplant
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The pros and the cons
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Global resource
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World Production
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Fish Friendly Turbine
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An exciting trip through a turbine
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Or Fish ladders
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Salmon going to spawn