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Title: Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework 2 Hydro Power and Student Presentations


1
Sustainable Energy Presentation 10 Homework
2Hydro Power and Student Presentations
  • Ethan Evans
  • Hydro Powers Role
  • Ngawang Choeda
  • Bhutans Energy Needs
  • Rebeka Davidova
  • European vs American Transportation Initiatives
  • Vladimir Arevalo
  • World Sugar Cane Biofuel Trade

2
Homework 2 Answers
  • I. According to the Natural Gas Weekly, the cost
    of natural gas this week is 10/million Btu. What
    is the value of the LNG on our tanker in
    Portland? It had 830,000,000 kWh of LNG on board.
  • 1 kWhr 3,412 Btu
  • Btu in tanker 830x106 x 3.412 x1032.832x1012
  • At 10/million Btu 2.832x1012x10/106
  • Total Worth 28,320,000 I.e. 28.3 million

3
  • II. What is the carbon tax to be paid by the LNG
    users if it is charged at 37/Ton of carbon.Show
    your calculation of the of carbon in a ton of
    LNG.
  • LNG is mostly methane CH4 1x124x116
  • So Carbon is about 12/16 0.75 of the weight.
    Density of the LNG is about 1 M3.405 Tons and we
    had 145,000(.93) M3 from last week.
  • Weight is about 145,000x0.93x0.405 54,600 tons
  • 54,600 x 0.75 40,950 tons of carbon that will be
    converted to CO2 when burned.
  • At 37/ton 37x40,950 1,515,000 1.5 million

4
  • III. Update the charts of Figure 7.2 for EROEI of
    Tar Sands and Oil Shale, using EROEI1.5 for Tar
    Sands and EROEI2.0 for Oil Shale. I.e. give the
    number of 1015 kJ remaining for extractable
    energy from Tar Sands and Oil Shale assuming part
    of their own energy is used for the extraction.
  • Tar Sands ER5,700 1015 kj
  • EIER/1.53,800 1015 kj
  • Remaining energy 5,700-3,800 1,900 1015 kj
  • Oil Shale ER11,000 1015 kj
  • EI ER/2 5,500 1015 kj
  • Remaining energy 11,000 5500 5,500 1015 kj

5
Tar Sands 1,925 1015 kj Oil Shale5,500 1015 kj
  • IV. What is the expected lifetime for use of Tar
    Sands and Oil Shale using the updated values and
    assuming each would supply one half of the world
    supply of energy, use 160x1015 Btu/year?
  • 1 kj 0.948 Btu
  • Tar Sands 1,900 x .948/160 11.25 years
  • Oil Shale 5,500 x .948/16032.6 years

6
  • V. How long will Tar Sands and Oil Shale last if
    the use grows at 3 per year?
  • From page 204
  • Lifetime with growth(1/m)lnm x (Lifetime w/o
    growth)
  • Tar Sands (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 11.351 9.76
    years
  • Oil Shale (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 32.61 22.7
    years
  • FYI
  • The EROEI for Coal is given by World Nuclear
    Association around 17 (not including conversion
    to electricity).this gives
  • 290,000 1015 kj /1717,000 1015 kj used
  • Remaining 272,900 1015 kj supplying all the world
    energy gives 272,900 x .948/(2x 160) 808 years
  • With 3 growth, (1/.03) ln 0.03 x 8081 107
    years

7
Hydropower
8
Example dams
9
Crand Coulie
10
Stator Construction
11
Spillway
12
Turbine
13
View of Coulie
Grand Coulee Dam Colombia River Washington State
14
Hoover Dam
15
La Grande Complex, Quebec, Canada
16
Itapu dam Brazil/Paraguay
17
Three Gorges dam, China
18
Guri dam Venezuela
19
Krasnoyarsk dam Russia
Krasnoyarsk dam, Russia
20
Global Capacity Estimates
21
Continental Estimates
22
Hydropower installation
23
Calculating CapacityZ net height of water
headQ volumetric flow ratee efficiency 0.3
to 0.8
24
River Diversion dam
25
Turbine operating regions
26
Pelton Turbines
27
Francis and Kaplan turbines
28
Francis Turbines
29
Kaplan Turbines
30
How to Harness an Andean river
How would you harness an Andean River?
31
Peru hydroplant
32
The pros and the cons
33
Global resource
34
World Production
35
Fish Friendly Turbine
36
An exciting trip through a turbine
37
Or Fish ladders
38
Salmon going to spawn
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