What kinds of changes occur in the sky over one night?

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• What kinds of changes occur in the sky over one
  night?
• one month?
• one year?
• one million years?

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Ancient Astronomy Naked-Eye Observations of the
Sky from Earth
http//www.steveirvine.com/pixhen/sundial_pg1a.jpg
http//www.cybersharque.com/ireland98/gall2.jpg
http//www.1worldglobes.com/images/Sundials/R-2307
kissofthesunsundial.jpg
http//www.thediviningnation.com/exercises/stonehe
nge.jpg
http//www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve
/523016/2/istockphoto_523016_sundial.jpg
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Ancient Astronomy Naked-Eye Observations of the
Sky from Earth

• SUNDIALS
• Time of day
• Day of year / Season
• OR work backwards
• Once you have clocks, knowing time / date, a
  sundial can give you
• compass direction
• latitude
• Clocktime solar noon difference ? longitude

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analemma video
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Ancient Astronomy Naked-Eye Observations of the
Sky from Earth

• LUNAR PHASES MOVEMENTS
• Phases new ? waxing crescent ? first
  quarter ? waxing gibbous ? full moon
  ? waning gibbous ? last quarter ?
  waning crescent ? new moon
• Moon rise and set vary with phase

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Ancient Astronomy Naked-Eye Observations of the
Sky from Earth

• STARS CONSTELLATIONS
• Circumpolar Constellations
• Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cassiopeia,
  Cepheus http//www.polaris.iastate.edu/NorthStar/U
  nit9/unit9_sub2.htm
• Seasonal Zodiac Constellations
• Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus,
  Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius,
  Sagittarius, Ophiuchus http//www.astro.wisc.edu/
  dolan/constellations/extra/Zodiac.html
• Other Constellations
• Orion, Bootes, etc
• Wandering planets not really stars!
• Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, ?Mercury, Uranus?

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Northern Circumpolar Sky
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Winter Sky
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Ancient Astronomy Naked-Eye Observations of the
Sky from Earth

• OTHERS unpredictable, freaked people out
• meteors
• comets
• auroras
• eclipses

http//www.dmasonline.org/gallery/membertakes/alle
n/allen.html
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Lunar Eclipses Total moon is in earths umbra,
darkest shadowPartial moon is in earths
penumbra, part shade
http//sems1.cs.und.edu/sems/index_LunarEclipse.p
hp
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Solar Eclipses Total earth is in moons umbra,
darkest shadowPartial earth is in moons
penumbra, part shadeAnnular total, but a rings
of sun is still visible around the moon to an
observer on earth because the moon it too far
away to completely block our view of the sun
http//sems1.cs.und.edu/sems/index_SolarEclipse.p
hp
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• In the Northern Hemisphere we can always see
  Polaris the North Star. Some scholars have
  argued that many cultures in the northern
  hemisphere became more sophisticated navigators
  because those in the south have no fixed south
  star. What do you think about this?

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• Name a few constellations you have heard of. Do
  you know any of their accompanying mythology
  stories? If so, describe one. Where do you think
  these stories come from?

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• Do you think people will visit or even live on
  Mars during your lifetime? Why or why not? Would
  you be interested in doing this?

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• What effects does the moon have on the
  earth?