Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 13 power-point
1 Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 13 Lecture Outline
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2Brain and Cranial Nerves
3Brain and Cranial Nerves
- Brain
- Part of CNS contained in cranial cavity
- Control center for many of bodys functions
- Much like a complex computer but more
- Parts of the brain
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
- Cerebrum
- Cranial nerves
- Part of PNS arise directly from brain
4Brainstem
- Connects spinal cord to brain
- Parts
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Midbrain
5Brainstem
- Medulla oblongata or medulla
- Regulates Heart rate, blood vessel diameter,
respiration, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping,
coughing, and sneezing - Pyramids Decussate
- Pons
- Sleep and respiratory center
- Midbrain
- Integral part of auditory pathways in CNS
6Brainstem and Diencephalon
7Cerebellum
- Involved in control of balance, posture,
locomotion, and fine motor coordination producing
smooth flowing movements
8Diencephalon
- Components
- Thalamus, Subthalamus, Epithalamus, Hypothalamus
9Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Largest part of diencephalon
- Most sensory input projects to here
- Influences mood and actions as fear or rage
- Subthalamus
- Involved in controlling motor functions
- Epithalamus
- Pineal gland may influence sleep-wake cycle
- Hypothalamus
- Functions
- ANS control
- Endocrine control
- Muscle control
- Temperature regulation
- Regulation of food and water intake
- Emotions
- Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
10Cerebrum
- Largest portion of brain
- Divisions
- Right
- Left
- Lobes Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal,
insula - Cortex Outer surface
- Medulla Center
11Basal Nuclei and Limbic System
- Basal nuclei
- Motor function control
- Limbic system
- Basic survival functions as memory, reproduction,
nutrition - Emotions
12Limbic System
13Meninges
- Connective tissue membranes
- Dura mater Superficial
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater Bound tightly to brain
- Spaces
- Subdural Serous fluid
- Subarachnoid CSF
14Ventricles
- Ventricles Lateral ventricles (2), third
ventricle, fourth ventricle - Choroid plexuses produce CSF which fills
ventricles and other parts of brain and spinal
cord - Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Substances do
not pass between cells but through due to tight
junctions of blood endothelial cells
15Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Similar to serum with most of proteins removed
- Bathes brain and spinal cord
- Provides a protective cushion around CNS
- Provides some nutrients to CNS tissues
- Produced by ependymal cells
16Flow of CSF
17Brain Blood Supply
- Brain
- Requires tremendous amount of blood
- Receives 15-20 of blood pumped by heart
- Interruption can cause unconsciousness and
irreversible brain damage - High metabolic rate and dependence on constant
supply of oxygen and glucose - Receives blood through arteries
- Blood-Brain barrier
- Capillary endothelial cells along with astrocytes
and basement membrane - To be considered when developing drugs
18Formation of the Neural Tube
19Development of Brain Segments and Ventricles
20Cranial Nerves
- Indicated by Roman numerals I-XII from anterior
to posterior - May have one or more of 3 functions
- Sensory (special or general)
- Somatic motor (skeletal muscles)
- Parasympathetic (regulation of glands, smooth
muscles, cardiac muscle)
21Cranial Nerves
- Olfactory (I)
- Optic (II)
- Oculomotor (III)
- Trochlear (IV)
- Trigeminal (V)
- Abducens (VI)
- Facial (VII)
- Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal (IX)
- Vagus (X)
- Accessory (XI)
- Hypoglossal (XII)