Title: Anatomy and Physiology by Rod R Seeley 6th edition chapter 6 power-point
1 Anatomy and Physiology, Sixth Edition
Rod R. SeeleyIdaho State University Trent D.
StephensIdaho State University Philip
TatePhoenix College
Chapter 06 Lecture Outline
See PowerPoint Image Slides for all figures and
tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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2Chapter 6
- Skeletal SystemBones and Bone Tissue
3Skeletal System Functions
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Storage
- Blood cell production
4Hyaline Cartilage
- Consists of specialized cells that produce matrix
- Cells
- Chondroblasts
- Chondrocytes
- Perichondrium
- Articular cartilage
- Growth
- Appositional
- Interstitial
5Bone Shapes
- Long
- Upper and lower limbs
- Short
- Carpals and tarsals
- Flat
- Ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae
- Irregular
- Vertebrae, facial
6Long Bone Structure
- Diaphysis
- Shaft
- Compact bone
- Epiphysis
- End of the bone
- Cancellous bone
- Epiphyseal plate
- Growth plate
- Epiphyseal line
- Bone stops growing in length
7Long Bone Structure
- Medullary cavity
- Red marrow
- Yellow marrow
- Periosteum
- Outer bone surface
- Sharpeys fibers
- Attachment
- Endosteum
- Lines bone cavities
8Flat, Short, Irregular Bones
- Flat Bones
- No diaphyses, epiphyses
- Sandwich of cancellous between compact bone
- Short and Irregular Bone
- Compact bone that surrounds cancellous bone
center - No diaphyses and not elongated
9Bone Histology
- Bone matrix
- Organic Collagen and proteoglycans
- Inorganic Hydroxapatite
- Bone cells
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
- Stem cells or osteochondral progenitor cells
- Woven bone Collagen fibers randomly oriented
- Lamellar bone Mature bone in sheets
- Cancellous bone Trabeculae
- Compact bone Dense
10Bone Matrix
11Bone Cells
- Osteoblasts
- Formation of bone through ossification or
osteogenesis - Osteocytes
- Mature bone cells
- Lacunae Spaces
- Canaliculi Canals
- Osteoclasts
- Responsible for bone resorption
12Woven and Lamellar Bone
- Woven bone
- Formed
- During fetal development
- During fracture repair
- Remodeling
- Removing old bone and adding new
- Lamellar bone
- Mature bone in sheets called lamellae
13Cancellous Bone
- Consists of trabeculae
- Oriented along lines of stress
14Compact Bone
- Central or haversian canals Parallel to long
axis - Lamellae Concentric, circumferential,
interstitial - Osteon or haversian system Central canal,
contents, associated concentric lamellae and
osteocytes - Perforating or Volkmanns canal Perpendicular to
long axis
15Bone Development
- Intramembranous ossification
- Takes place in connective tissue membrane
- Endochondral ossification
- Takes place in cartilage
- Both methods of ossification
- Produce woven bone that is then remodeled
- After remodeling, formation cannot be
distinguished as one or other
16Intramembranous Ossification
17Endochondral Ossification
18Endochondral Ossification
19Endochondral Ossification
20Growth in Bone Length
- Appositional growth
- New bone on old bone or cartilage surface
- Epiphyseal plate zones
- Resting cartilage
- Proliferation
- Hypertrophy
- Calcification
21Growth in Bone Length
22Growth in Bone Width
23Factors Affecting Bone Growth
- Nutrition
- Vitamin D
- Necessary for absorption of calcium from
intestines - Insufficient causes rickets and osteomalacia
- Vitamin C
- Necessary for collagen synthesis by osteoblasts
- Deficiency results in scurvy
- Hormones
- Growth hormone from anterior pituitary
- Thyroid hormone required for growth of all
tissues - Sex hormones as estrogen and testosterone
24Bone Remodeling
- Coverts woven bone into lamellar bone
- Bone constantly removed by osteoclasts and new
bone formed by osteoblasts
25Bone Repair
26Calcium Homeostasis
27Calcium Homeostasis
- Bone is the major storage site for calcium in the
body - Calcium moves into bone as osteoblasts build new
bone - Calcium moves out of bone as osteoclasts break
down bone - When osteoclast and osteoblast activity is
balanced, the movement of calcium in and out is
equal
28Effects of Aging on Skeletal System
- Bone Matrix decreases
- Bone Mass decreases
- Increased bone fractures
- Bone loss causes deformity, loss of height, pain,
stiffness - Stooped posture
- Loss of teeth
29Bone Fractures