Toward Civilization

1
Toward Civilization

• Chapter 1

2
Understanding Our Past

• Section 1

3
Geography and History

• Geography-
• -study of people, their environments, and
  resources available.
• Geography adds to our understanding of human
  history

4
5 Themes of Geography

• Location
• Place
• Human-Environment Interaction
• Movement
• Region

5
How do we Know?

• Anthropology
• Study of the origin and development of people and
  societies.
• Culture- way of life of society handed down from
  generations.
• Archaeology
• Study artifacts human made objects.
• Tools, weapons, pottery, clothing
• Historians
• Focus on written evidence.

6
The Dawn of History

• Section 2

7
The Old Stone Age (Paleolithic)

• Ends around 10,000 B.C.
• Nomadic people
• Everyone worked to find food.

8
Early Religious Beliefs

• Evidence
• Cave paintings, statues, burial rituals.
• Animism

9
Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

• Farming
• Settlement
• Domestication of Animals
• Growth in population
• New technologies-
• Harness animal power, calendar

10
Beginnings of Civilization

• Section 3

11
Rise of Cities

• Civilization-
• Complex, highly organized social order.
• River Valley Civilizations
• Cities in the Americas

12
Features of a Civilization

• Cities
• Organized Government
• Complex Religion
• Job Specialization
• Social Classes
• Arts and Architecture
• Public Works
• Writing

13
Spread of Civilization

• City-State
• Political unit that included a city and
  surrounding land
• Empire-
• Group of states controlled by one ruler
• Cultural Diffusion-
• Spread of ideas, customs, technologies