27.1 Introduction

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27.1 Introduction

• People who want to extend U. S. power around the
  world.
• President 1896 favors expansion but does not
  want war
• Assistant Secretary of Navy extreme
  expansionist likes war
• Enough territory for decades focus should be
  Civil War recovery Industrialization
• National pride - compete with Europe to control
  countries - economic growth through overseas
  markets
• U. S. acquires new territories, becomes a world
  power and gets involved in global war

• Expansionists
• William McKinley
• Theodore Roosevelt
• Opposition
• Like Manifest Destiny
• Result

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27.2 America Stretches its Wings

• Bought from Russia Sec State Seward (Sewards
  Folly) Many thought mistake but natural
  resources and gold
• Policy of extending power by gaining political
  and economic control of other countries
  Expansionists
• Pros National pride - compete with Europe -
  economic growth - oversees markets
• Cons Conflicts with democracy, racist, risk war
• Defy Europe - trade anywhere in China Japan
  Take Midway Islands for fuel stop
• U. S. missionaries, sugar plantations naval
  base at Pearl Harbor Queen Liliuokalani tries
  to stop U. S. influence 1891 - Planters with
  Marines over through her want U.S. to annex
  (take possession) Pres Cleveland (against
  imperialism) says no but 1898 Pres McKinley
  annexes Hawaii.

• 1867 Alaska
• Imperialism
• Asia Pacific
• Hawaii

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27.3 A Splendid Little War

• Expansionists say use it to take Puerto Rico
  Cuba from Spain annex them
• Sensational and exaggerated news stories used by
  press to win sympathy for Cuban rebels McKinley
  send battleship Maine to protect Americans in
  Cuba
• Maine explodes 260 U.S. dead blame Spain no
  proof declare war to free Cuba and make it
  independent
• War very popular Roosevelt forms Rough Riders
  they take San Juan Hill and Santiago with the
  help of Cuban fighters and several African
  American regiments
• Spanish try to save their fleet but defeated by
  U.S. Navy war over in 4 months 345 die in
  combat 5,500 die of disease
• U.S. takes Puerto Rico - Cuba independent but
  U.S. can send troops interfere with Cuban
  government when it wants to - and have naval base
  on Cuba still have it today Guantanamo Bay

• Monroe Doctrine
• Yellow journalism
• Spanish-American War

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27.4 The Philippines

• Spains main base in Pacific had tried to fight
  for independence many times led by Emilio
  Aguinaldo
• U.S. fleet led by Dewey destroys Spanish fleet at
  Manila Bay 5 days after start of war
• Filipinos believe U.S. will help them and declare
  independence from Spain
• Spain surrenders U.S. buys Philippines for 20m
  
• Filipinos feel betrayed fight U.S. for 3 years
  both sides torture prisoners U.S. destroys
  villages killing wounding civilians
• Protest denying independence un-American
  expansionists win savages need to be prepared
  for independence
• Becomes U.S. colony 1899 despite promises
  remains colony until 1947

• Background
• Sp-American War
• Fighting the Filipinos
• Anti-Imperialists

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27.5 Panama and the Canal

• McKinley shot becomes President 1901 wants
  canal Atlantic/Pacific defend new territories
• Offers Colombia 10m they refuse sends warships
  to Panama (part of Colombia)
• Panama revolts wins independence with help of
  U.S. Marines gets 10m to let U.S build
  control Canal Zone Gunboat Diplomacy
• 1904 1914 contaminated water yellow fever
  from mosquitoes make most American workers go
  home
• New technology (locks) used to raise and lower
  water levels
• Taking Canal Zone controversial in U.S. rest of
  world 1921 apologize give Colombia 25m
• Anti-American feeling continued in Latin America
  Panamanians resent U.S. control of Canal Zone
  U.S. returns it in 2000

• T. Roosevelt Speak softly carry a big stick
• Building the Canal
• Results

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27.6 The Outbreak of World War I

• Countries compete for colonies
• Nationalism - Devotion to an ethnic identity,
  including the desire for independence Balkans
  want independence from Austria
• Militarism glorifying military power, ideas
  values Germany, Britain France compete
• Alliances secret treaties Germany
  Austria-Hungary, Britain, Russia France
• A Serb assassinates Franz Ferdinand Archduke
  Austria-Hungary they declare war with Serbia
  (Balkans), Russia defends Serbia, Germany defends
  Austria-Hungary, France defends Russia, Britain
  defends France eventually over 12 countries
• Allied Powers France, Russia Britain
• Central Powers Austria-Hungary Germany
• Wants out of war declares neutral

• Europe
• Start of War
• Major Players
• U.S.

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27.7 A New Kind of Warfare

• Two Fronts
• Trench Warfare
• New Weapons
• War at Sea
• Lusitania

• Germany fights Russians on Eastern Front in
  Germany
• Germany fights British French on Western Front
  in France
• new kind of warfare that caused soldiers to eat,
  sleep, fight and die in miserable ditches
• 2 parallel lines for 600 miles separated by no
  mans land
• Intense battles for couple of yards but neither
  side accepts an early peace
• Machine guns Poison gas
• Britain mines North Seablocks access to Germany
• Germany blockades Britain with U-boats
  (submarines) warns will attack neutral ships
• British luxury liner sunk by Germans 128
  Americans killed
• Germany had warned passengers not to sail U.S.
  very upset
• U.S. takes Allies side by trading mostly with
  them

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27.8 To Make the World Safe for Democracy

• Builds up army navy after Lusitania
• Germany attacks U.S merchant ships that were
  carrying war weapons to Allies
• 1917 - Wilson ask for war because the world must
  be made safe for democracy Congress declares
  war on 4/6
• Warships escort cargo vessels 3m drafted 2m
  enlist
• Russia leaves war no Eastern Front - Germans
  try to take Paris before U.S. gets there
• American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe by
  June reinforce French push Germans back to
  Germany using tanks air force
• Germany agrees to armistice (cease fire)
  11/11/1918
• 9m dead 116,000 Americans

• U.S. enters war

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27.9 The Struggle for Peace

• Fourteen Points
• Treaty of Versailles
• Senate rejects Treaty
• Legacy of Versailles

• Wilsons basis for peace
• No secret treaties, free trade, reduce weapons,
  borders based on will of people, League of
  Nations
• Germany believes this basis of surrender
• Allies (England, France Italy) want more
• Punish Germany
• Disband army, give up colonies, lose territory
• Reparations debts paid by defeated nation for
  harm done by war Germany pay 33b
• Wilson gets League of Nations
• Wants out of Europe affairs
• Wilson has stroke fighting for treaty
• U.S. does not join League of Nations
• U.S. turns to isolationism
• League of Nations is powerless
• Germany feels betrayed wants revenge sets
  stage for WWII

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27.10 Chapter Summary

• Purchase Alaska
• Annex Hawaii Midway Islands
• Sp-Am War 1st colonies - Puerto Rico
  Philippines control Cuba
• Get Panama Canal by encouraging revolution in
  Colombia
• Neutral until late in war
• Join Allied Powers to make world safe for
  democracy
• Win but Senate refuses to pass peace plan join
  League
• Germany punished (pay reparations) becomes
  bitter
• U.S. returns to isolationism
• Sets stage for World War II

• Expansionism
• World War I