Middle Ages Medieval Dark Ages

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Middle AgesMedievalDark Ages

• Section 1
• Objectives

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Why was Western Europe a frontier land during the
Middle Ages?

• From circa (about)500 to 1000 CE, Europe was a
  sparsely populated, underdeveloped area on the
  outskirts of a civilization.

3
How did Germanic kingdoms gain power in the early
Middle Ages?

• Clovis, a Frankish King, became a Christian and
  gained the alliance of the Roman Catholic Church
  and the Gaul

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How did Charlemagne briefly reunite much of
western Europe?

1. Charlemagne spread Christianity to the conquered
   peoples of his empire
2. Charlemagne appointed powerful nobles to rule
   local regions
3. Charlemagne sent out missi dominici to check on
   roads, listen to grievances, and see that
   justice was done.

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Middle AgesMedievalDark Ages

• Section 2

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How did feudalism shape medieval society?

• Everyone had duties to others.

• Nobles had responsibilities as both lords and
  vassals. Lords promised protection for vassals,
  and vassals pledged loyalty, money payments,
  advice, and 40 days military duty.

• Chivalry raised women to a new status because it
  called for women to be protected and cherished.

• Serfs were tied to the land

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What was feudal life like for nobles and peasants?

• Nobleshad to provide peasants with protection
  and with land for them to farm.
• Peasantsworked several days a week farming the
  lords lands, repairing the lords roads,
  bridges, and fences, and paying the lord
  occasional fees.

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What was the basis of the manor economy?

• The manor was the lords estate, on which the
  land-bound serfs lived and worked.
• Most manors included one or more villages and the
  surrounding lands.

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Middle AgesMedievalDark Ages

• Section 3

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How did the Church and its monks and nuns shape
medieval life?

• The Church administered sacraments, offered
  spiritual guidance, and provided care for the
  needy.
• Daily life revolved around the Christian calendar
• Monks Nuns emphasized the value in hard work,
  preserved knowledge by copying and storing
  important texts, provided basic social services
  by tending the sick, helping the poor, setting up
  schools for children, and caring for travelers.

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How did the power of the Church grow?

• Feudal rulers often appointed Church officials to
  high government positions because of literacy.
• The Church tried to end feudal warfare by
  declaring periods of truce.
• Excommunications (banishment from sacraments a
  Christian burial Hell) Interdictions
  (Excommunication of an entire town, region, or
  kingdom).

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How did reformers work for change in the Church?

• Francis preached poverty, humility, and love of
  God.
• Dominic tried to combat heresy by preaching
  official Catholic beliefs.

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What problems did Jewish communities face?

• Christians turned anti-Semitic, or prejudice
  against Jews, during times of crisis and disease.
  Some Christians blamed Jews for the death of
  their Christ, while others blamed them for their
  economic woes. Jewish people were banned from
  many professions, except for banking due to the
  Catholic Churchs ban on usury (lending money at
  interest ).

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Middle AgesMedievalDark Ages

• Section 4

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How did new technologies spark an agricultural
revolution?

• Cause
• The horse harness allowed peasants to work
  faster, increasing their field size plant more
  crops.
• The iron plow, which replaced the wooden plow,
  was better suited for the heavy soil of northern
  Europe.
• Effect
• Farmers produced more food and the population
  grew.

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How did the revival of trade revolutionize
commerce?

• Trade increased throughout Europe, Cities and
  towns grew as centers of trade, New business
  practices evolved.
• The use of money, banking, partnerships,
  insurance, and bills of exchange

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How were guilds linked to the rise of towns and
cities?

• Guilds provided schools, hospitals, and support
  for members, widows, and orphans.