Chapter 4 : Cells

1
Chapter 4 Cells

• Cell Discovery
• 1. Robert Hooke 1664 saw 1st cell and
  named it a cell.
• 2. Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow - made up
  cell theory.

2
Cell Theory says all living things are made up
of cells and only cells can make cells

• B. Types of Cells
• 1. Prokaryote cell that lacks
  membrane-bound organelles. No nucleus. Primative
  ex. Bacteria
• 2. Eukaryote cell that has organelles
  protected by membranes. More complex.
• Evidence to support the idea that
  prokaryote cells developed 1st and eukaryote
  cells resulted when prokaryotic cells ingested
  each other.

3
C. Types of Eukaryotic Cells

• Plant has cell wall, large vacuole, plastids
  (ex. Chloroplast), no centrioles
• Animal no cell wall, small vacuole, centrioles,
  no plastids
• D. Parts of Cell
• --- organelle little organ
• 1. Plasma or cell membrane outer
• membrane. Phospholipid (POfat)

4
2. Cell wall outer membrane of plants. Made up
of cellulose (we cant digest)

• 3. Nucleus control center of cell.
• a. nuclear membrane outside edge of
  nucleus.
• b. nucleolus makes proteins
• c. chromosomes contains genetic
  material (DNA)
• d. nucleoplasm fluid inside nucleus.
  Used to protect organelles within nucleus.

5
4. Cytoplasm clear fluid inside cell. Acts as
shock-absorber to protect contents of cell.

• 5. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) channels used for
  transporting things within cell.
• a. smooth ER contains no ribosomes
• b. rough ER contains ribosomes. Used for
  transporting molecules needed in protein making.
• 6. Ribosomes makes proteins
• 7. Golgi body or apparatus packages proteins
  and lipids.

6
8. Vacuole storage area for food, water and
waste. Larger in plant cells.

• 9. Lysosome suicide sac contains enzymes
  used to digest foreign materials and sometimes
  the cell itself.
• 10. Mitochondria powerhouse of cell makes
  energy by cellular respiration. Has many folds
  called cristae that increases the surface area.
• 11. Chloroplasts plastids that hold chlorophyll
  (green pigment used for making food in plants)

7
12. Microtubules (bigger) microfilaments
(smaller) used for structural support called
cytoskeleton.

• 13. Centrioles only in animal cells. Used
  during cell reproduction.
• 14. Cilia ( hair like projections) flagella
  (long tail-like whip) structures some cells
  have for cell movement.
• 15. Perioxisomes- breakdown H2O2 into water and
  oxygen