Chapter 17 Section 1 Notes U.S. Mobilizes for War

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Chapter 17 Section 1 NotesU.S. Mobilizes for War

• After Pearl Harbor
• Japan thought U.S. would
• back away from conflict
• U.S. did just the opposite
• Got ticked off
• Wanted revenge

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Expansion of the Military

• 5 million men volunteer for service within 1st 6
  months
• Not enough to fight 2 wars
• In Pacific (Japan)
• In Atlantic (Germany/Italy)
• Selective Service expands the draft
• 18 45 year olds
• 10 million more soldiers
• All races and ethnicities included
• Discrimination and segregation exist
• No women

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Womens Auxiliary Army Corps

• Formed by Gen. George Marshall
• Around 350,000 served
• All volunteers
• Non-combat positions only
• Nurses, radio operators, pilots, etc

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Minority Contributions to the Military

• 1 million African Americans
• No combat until 1943
• 300,000 Mexican Americans
• 50,000 Asian Americans
• Chinese and Japanese
• served as spies, interpreters
• 25,000 Native Americans

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Industrial Wartime Production

• Most industries converted to help the war effort
• Auto industry most affected
• No cars made for civilian use
• from February 1942 until after
• war ends in September 1945.
• Made tanks, jeeps, planes, boats, etc

Jeep production
Willow Run bomber plant in Ypsilanti, MI
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Shipyards added expanded

• Henry Kaiser led construction of 7 new ones in
  California
• East Coast shipyards modernized (WWI)
• Constructed huge ships in record time
• At 1st, 1 built every 4 days (1942)
• 1 per day by 1945

Bethlehem Steel Shipyard in NY
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Work force in the U.S. during the war

• At 1st, U.S. govt. and businesses were worried
  there wouldnt be enough workers due to the draft
• They were wrong
• 18 million in factories at the high point (1944)
• 6 million were women
• did traditionally male jobs (hard manual labor)
• were paid around half of what males made

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• 2 million were minorities
• Between WWI WWII, not allowed to work in many
  factory jobs due to discrimination
• A. Phillip Randolph
• Most well respected black labor leader
• Organized a march on the Capitol of around
  100,000 that was supposed to occur July 1941
• FDR met with him and got march stopped
• FDR ordered war industries to end race
  discrimination

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Scientific discoveries during the war

• Office of Scientific Research and Development
• Improved radar and sonar
• Developed pesticides (DDT) to
• fight insects and lice
• Developed penicillin
• Began to develop atomic bomb
• Took around 3 years to complete
• Manhattan Project (more in Section 3)

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Supply and Demand within the U.S. during the war

• most production geared towards war
• less production for consumers in U.S.
• higher prices for products (inflation)

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3 ways U.S. Gov. tries to keep inflation low

• Office of Price Administration (OPA)
• Created to freeze prices
• Set up a system of rationing products
• everyone got an amount.
• Black Market still existed
• Raised income taxes
• Reduced demand on consumer products
• Encouraged people to buy bonds

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War Production Board (WPB)

• determined what kind of products each company
  would make
• determined what raw materials would go to each
  industry
• led recycling drives around the country