Contest for Dominance in the Central City

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Contest for Dominance in theCentral City

• New Haven

• Atlanta

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Who Governs In The Age Of Urban Restructuring?

• Elite Model
• Hunter Atlanta
• Pluralist Model
• Dahl New Haven
• Conflict between the two models led to disaray in
  urban political theory

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Regime Theory Brings Order

• Clarence Stone again Atlanta
• Addresses considerations that led to disarray
• Role of business and entrepreneurs
• Importance of non-decisions
• Variety of influence relationships exist and
  structure power in the city

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Different Regimes for Different Cities

• Entrepreneurial or corporate regime
• Growth
• Industrialization
• Attract those with money to spend

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Different Regimes for Different Cities

• Progressive regime
• Participation emphasized
• Safety net issues at forefront

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The Emergence of Functional Fiefdoms in
Metropolitan Areas

• Global Capital submerges local interests
• Growth Machine Theory empowers technocrats
• Metropolitan area viewed as having a unitary
  interest
• Protect regional exports
• Attract new investment capital
• New York City Port Authority best known and
  most powerful

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Commissioners of the New York Port Authority
- Demographs that fall under the port authoritys
control have no direct influence on the power and
policies implemented by the Port Authority, but
they do have a indirect voice thorough their
respective Governors.
Kenneth J. Ringler Jr. Executive Director
Christine A. Ferer Commissioner, New York
Anthony R. Coscia Chairman
Michael J. Chasanoff Commissioner, New York
Charles A. Gargano Vice Chairman
Bruce A. Blakeman Commissioner, New York
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More Commissioners of the New York Port Authority
Angelo J. Genova, Esq. Commissioner, New Jersey
Raymond M. Pocino Commissioner, New Jersey
Henry R. Silverman Commissioner, New York
David S. Steiner Commissioner, New Jersey
David S. Mack Commissioner, New York
Anthony J. Sartor Commissioner, New Jersey
Jack G. Sinagra Commissioner, New Jersey
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List of Facilities Managed by the Port Authority

• Bridges and Tunnels- Every river crossing between
  the city of New York and the state of New Jersey
  is operated by the PANYNJ. Together they carry
  more than 250 million vehicular crossings each
  year.
• Airports-The three major airports Newark, John
  F Kennedy and La Guardia handled 34.2, 32.8 and
  25.5 million passengers respectively in 2000,
  making New York a global air transport hub
  ranking alongside London and Tokyo
• Maritime terminals-Seven public terminals, most
  of them located along the New York Harbor and
  Newark Bay, are managed by the PANYNJ, including
  Port Elizabeth, Port Newark, Howland Hook, Red
  Hook and others

                       
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The Strong Mayor As An Antidote for Functional
Fiefdoms I

• Preconditions for strong mayoral leadership
• Resources to launch social program
• City jurisdiction in vital programs (housing,
  education, redevelopment, job training)
• Mayoral jurisdiction, within city, over above
• Salary that allows for full time mayor

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The Strong Mayor As An Antidote for Functional
Fiefdoms II

• Strong staff support for the mayor for tasks such
  as policy planning, speech writing,
  inter-governmental relations
• Ready vehicles of publicity
• Politically oriented groups that mayor can
  organize

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Styles of Mayoral Leadership

• Ceremonial Mayor
• Caretaker Mayor
• Program Entrepreneur
• Crusader Mayor
• Minority Mayor

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Responsiveness and Local Executive Leadership

• Critical Question
• To whom is the mayor responsive?
• Or not responsive

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Non Responsiveness to whom? - Minorities??

• African-American middle class - by engaging in
  community organization, direct political action
  and electoral have been able to get into the
  governing coalitions
• Similar pattern with Hispanics

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Non Responsiveness to whom? - Underclass

• African-American mayors, despite increasing
  public sector employment, have yet to make
  substantial improvements in living conditions of
  underclass
• Underclass of Hispanics and Asian Americans
  remain part of the underpriviledged strata

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Non Responsiveness Overriding Cause

• Unorganized individuals
• Regardless of race or ethnicity
• Seldom have their demands attended to by city
  governments.

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Decentralization An Antidote For Non
Responsiveness?

• Community Action and Model Cities Program
  (co-opted by city hall)
• Community Control
• Decentralization of education
• Little city halls
• Neighborhood Advisory councils

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Despite disappointments
decentralization has made it easier for citizen
groups to demand new meaningful inputs into
government decisions.
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Bias In Contemporary Urban U.S. Political
Structures Summary

• Individual citizens much less influential than
  institutions
• Individual institutions often appear as
  functional fiefdoms
• Emergence of functional fiefdoms tends to inhibit
  political leadership
• Bias against unorganized felt most heavily by
  poor and racial minorities