Ethical Public Speaking

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Ethical Public Speaking
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Responsibility

• One of the highest expectations an audience will
  have is that the speaker will be honest and
  straightforward.

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Ethics

• Ethics- Character
• An ethical speaker will
• Demonstrate a correct knowledge of the subject
  matter.
• Be trustworthy
• Be straightforward
• Be honest.
• Be Respectful

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Aristotle

• According to Aristotle, speakers will be regarded
  positively if they do the following
• Be well prepared
• Have a sound grasp of the subject
• Display sound reasoning skills
• Be honest
• Display an interest in the audiences welfare

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Values

• Values- our most enduring judgments or standards
  of whats good and bad in life, of whats
  important to us.

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Value Conflicts

• Just like feelings can compete with one another,
  our values can conflict or clash.
• Societys core values also clash.

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Listeners Values

• As a speaker, you must remember that the audience
  will likely be made up of people who have
  differing opinions. Even if their opinions differ
  from yours, you must still respect them.

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Identifying Values

• Identifying your listeners values, attitudes and
  beliefs as they relate to your topic will help
  you to shape a message that is tailored to your
  audience.
• There are many ways to do this including
• Surveys
• Polls
• Interviews

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Identifying Personal Values

• Being an ethical speaker involves being conscious
  not only of other peoples values, but of your
  own values as well. If you find that certain
  values are important to you, you will want others
  to hold the same values.

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Ground Rules

• There is not a single agree-upon code of ethical
  standards for communication.
• Dignity- feeling worthy, honored or respected as
  a person.
• Integrity- Incorruptibility- the ability to avoid
  compromise for the sake of personal expediency.

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Trustworthiness

• Trustworthiness a combination of honesty and
  dependability.
• For the public speaker, trustworthiness includes
  (but is not limited to)
• Revealing your true purpose to your audience
• Not using misleading, deceptive, or false
  information.
• Acknowledging Sources

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Respect

• Respect- Treating people right
• For the ethical speaker to show respect, they
  must do the following
• Focus on the issues rather than on personalities.
  
• Allow the audience the power of rational choice
• Avoid in-group and out-group distinctions

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Respect cont.

• Jargon- Specialize Terminology
• Ethnocentrism- The belief that ones own culture
  is superior to those of other cultures.
• Stereotype-A belief about someone based solely on
  that persons racial, ethnical, religious,
  gender, sexual orientation, or other
  characteristics.
• Hate Speech- any offensive communication both
  verbal and non verbal that is directed against
  peoples racial, ethnical, religious, gender,
  sexual orientation, or other characteristics.

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Responsibility

• Communication is a strong tool for influencing
  people. Speaking with responsibility includes
  evaluating the usefulness and appropriateness of
  your topic and purpose, using sound evidence and
  reasoning, striving for accuracy, and using
  emotional appeals responsibly.

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Responsibility

• When preparing a speech, the responsible public
  speaker should consider
• Topic and Purpose
• Evidence and Reasoning
• Accuracy
• Honest use of Emotion

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Evaluating Internet Sources

• With all the information on the internet today,
  it is important to determine which sites are good
  resources and which are not.
• You want to find CREDIBLE sources!
• Credible means correct, non biased, believable
  information.
• WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A CREDIBLE SOURCE!

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Credibility

• Is the name of the author or the organization at
  the top or bottom of the page?
• Does the home page of the site offer information
  about the author or organization?
• Can you find more information about the
  credibility of the author or the organization in
  other sources?
• Is the date updated indicated at the top or
  bottom of the page? Does the author update the
  information regularly?
• Does the url say something like .org, .edu, or
  .gov?

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Where and When to Cite?

• When using any stat or fact from your article.
• Differences between the 1st cite and all others
• What do you need to say?

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Verbally Citing Your Sources

• In their book Communicating with credibility and
  confidence from 1996. Lumsden state that
• According to Stillman in the Handbook of
  educational counseling from 1994
• Kibbens explains in an article from The Michigan
  Monitor, 1996 that
• As stated by Jones in 2000 at the storytime.com
  website
• In The new encyclopedia Britannica of 1993,
  Bergmann identifies

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MLA

• Use the MLA format
• A work by one author
• White, Theodore. Making of the President, 1960.
  New York Atheneum, 1961.
• A Web site with an editor
• Castro-Kennedy Contacts a Secret Path to
  Peace. The Paper Trail. Ed. Jon Elliston.
  Winter 2000. Parascope. 17 July
  2008lthttp//www.parascope.com/ds/papertrail/index.
  htmgt.

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Plagiarism

• Plagiarism- the passing off of another persons
  information as your own!
• Whats the big deal?
• Its cheating
• Its stealing
• You will be caught
• There will be consequences

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How to Avoid Plagiarism

• The rule for avoiding plagiarism is pretty easy
  Any source that requires credit in written form
  also gets credited when giving a speech.
• To avoid plagiarism, you much acknowledge
• Other Peoples ideas, opinions, and theories
• Other peoples evidence
• Other peoples research
• Direct quotations
• Paraphrased Info
• Facts gathered from other sources

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Steps to Avoid Plagiarism

1. Know how to quote, paraphrase, and summarize
   sources.
2. Keep track of your sources as you collect them
3. Create a system for keeping tract of your
   sources. (footnotes, a works cited page, etc)
4. Learn how to keep track of sources.