Objective: You will be able to name and give the function of the blood components.

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Objective You will be able to name and give the
function of the blood components.

• Do Now
• Read all of p. 943
• Compare the circulatory system with a city

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Transport

• Transport involves absorbing substances in the
  blood and circulating it through the body
• Materials that the blood carries includes
  dissolved and suspended materials

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Blood Vessels

• Arteries transport blood away from the heart
• They have thick, muscular walls
• Veins transport blood to the heart
• They have thin walls
• Contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood
• Capillaries have walls that are only one cell
  thick
• The exchange material with the blood and the
  intercellular fluid (ICF)

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Figure 42.8 The structure of blood vessels
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(No Transcript)
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Intercellular Fluid (ICF)

• ICF surrounds all of the cells of the body and
  exchanges materials with the blood and the cells
• It is mostly made up of water
• The ICF is picked up by lymph vessels and is now
  called lymph
• Lymph vessels are one cell thick and contain
  valves

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Tissue cell
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Net fluid movement out
Net fluid movement in
Capillary
Direction of blood flow
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Capillary
Red blood cell
15 ?m
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Blood

• Blood consists of the liquid plasma and a variety
  of cells
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
• Mostly consists of water
• Carries everything including wastes, CO2,
  antibodies, etc
• Does NOT carry O2

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Red Blood Cells (RBC)

• Carry oxygen
• Hemoglobin on the RBCs carry the O2
• An RBC does not have a nucleus
• It is anaerobic

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Platelets

• Platelets are involved with clotting
• Platelets near an injury rupture and release a
  chemical
• This chemical causes an enzyme-controlled series
  of reactions to form a clot

Platelets
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White Blood Cells (WBC)

• White blood cells have a nucleus
• They fight off bacteria and viruses
• These bad things are called antigens
• There are two types of WBCs
• Phagocytic WBCs engulf the antigens
• Lymphocytes make antibodies that attack the
  antigens

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Phagocyte
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Lymph

• The lymph vessels bring the lymph to lymph nodes
• Phagocytic WBC there, clean the lymph of bacteria
  and dead cells
• Once the lymph is cleaned, it is returned to the
  blood

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WBC
RBC
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Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart a closer look
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
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The Heart

• It is a pump that sends blood throughout the body
• It is made of muscle we call cardiac muscle
• It is separated into left and right halves by the
  septum
• It has four chambers
• Two atria receive the blood coming back to the
  heart
• Two ventricles pump the blood out to the body

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Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system
an overview
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Circulation types

• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from
  the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from
  the heart to the rest of the body and back to the
  heart
• Coronary circulation is a PART of systemic
• Coronary supplies blood to the heart through
  coronary arteries

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Back to the Heart

• The two atria receive blood returning to the
  heart
• They are thin walled
• The ventricles pump blood out of the heart
• They have very thick walls

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Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart a closer look
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
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Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system
an overview
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Heart Dissection

• Find the four chambers of the heart
• Identify the flowing structures
• Valves
• Vena cava
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Aorta
• You find these structures by using your fingers

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Blood pressure

• Refers to the pressure on the arteries when the
  ventricles contract.
• The contraction period is called systole
• Greatest pressure on the arteries
• The non-contraction period is called diastole
• Lowest pressure on the arteries
• A blood pressure of 120/70 means
• Systolic number is 120
• Diastolic number is 70

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Figure 42.12 Measurement of blood pressure (layer
1)
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Figure 42.12 Measurement of blood pressure (layer
2)
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Figure 42.12 Measurement of blood pressure (layer
3)
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Figure 42.12 Measurement of blood pressure (layer
4)
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Circulatory Malfunctions

• Cardiovascular diseases are malfunctions that
  affect the heart and blood vessels
• High blood pressure is characterized by having
  high pressure on the arteries. It damages the
  arteries and weakens the heart
• Heart attacks include
• Angina pectoris which is a partial blockage of a
  coronary artery
• Coronary thrombosis which is a complete blockage
  of a coronary artery

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Malfunctions continued

• Blood conditions
• Anemia is the inability of the blood to transport
  enough oxygen
• May be caused by low amount of hemoglobin or low
  amount of RBCs
• Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone
  marrow.
• Blood is produced in the bone marrow. So this
  cancer is the uncontrolled production of
  nonfunctional WBCs