Integration of Environmental Sensitivities into M

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Integration of Environmental Sensitivities into
ME Systems for USAID Food Assistance Programs
Tiana Razafimahatratra, Mission Environmental
Officer, USAID Madagascar Diana Shannon,
Regional Environmental Officer, USAID Southern
Africa Erika Clesceri, Bureau Environmental
Officer, USAID Washington FFP Madagascar ME
Workshop November 2014
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Session Objectives

• By the end of this session, you will have
• Heard about the two types of environmentally-sensi
  tive indicators for FFP ME systems.
• Identified opportunities for greening your
  project logical frameworks and indicator systems.
• Learned about Madagascar Mission environmental
  monitoring integration

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Environmental Considerations

• Why are environmental considerations important to
  USAID Food Assistance Programs?
• What are the potential negative health and
  environmental impacts of our activities?

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Causal Linkages between Food Availability and the
Environment
Climate-Smart Agriculture
Poor Soil Water Retention
Food Insecurity
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Pesticides for Pest Management

• Risks
• Endanger health of farmers and consumers if
  improperly used due to pesticide high toxicity.
• Environmental measures
• Pesticides 22 CFR 216, 216.3(b)(l)(a) - (l)
• Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action
  Plan (PERSUAP)
• Fumigants will be addressed by a FFP Global
  Programmatic Environmental Assessment (PEA)

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Requirement in the FY14 Request for Application
(RFA) for Madagascar Projects

• The ME Plan should include gender and
  environmental indicators to permit the
  measurement of food security gains while
  promoting gender equity and safeguarding
  environmental goods and services.

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Does the IPTT Include Environmental Indicators
Appropriate to Your LogFrame?

• Your IPTT should include
• FFP Required if Applicable (RiA) stand-alone
  environmental indicators for baseline/final
  evaluation (BL/FE) surveys
• Use of environmental integration indicators
  for FFP BL/FE and annual monitoring indicators
  (where applicable)

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First, lets review the framework for USAID
Environmental Safeguards.
1. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)-
The Analytics
IEE
2. Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan
(EMMP)- The Implementation Plan
EMMP
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Environmental Safeguards Compliance

• Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is

• A formal analysis that identifies
• Potential impact of projects on the environment
• Measures to mitigate these impacts

IEE
Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan (EMMP)
is
EMMP

• A formal plan that identifies
• Mitigation Indicators
• Frequency and Persons responsible

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What is the Purpose of the EMMP?
It is a management plan for Environmental
safeguards, which are linked to project results
and indicators.
Activity for IR X.X Potential Impact Monitoring Indicator Frequency of Data Collection Method of Verification
Drinking Water Borehole Rehabilitation Ground Water Contamination Water Quality Assurance Plans (WQAP) Monthly by Field Agents Visual Inspection, Field Reports
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Requirements for Monitoring

• Performance and IEE Monitoring are both required
  by USAID, and makes sense to coordinate this
  monitoring with ME specialist oversight.
• Lets discuss how.

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Structure of Food for Peace ME Systems
Logical Framework (LogFrame)
Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT)
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LogFrame
Narrative Summary Indicators Data Sources Assumptions
Goal
Project Purpose
Sub-purpose
Immediate Outcome
Output
Input
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Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT)

• Improve your project
• Reporting requirements
• Tell your story

PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province PROJECT GOAL Reduce food insecurity of vulnerable populations in Western Province
Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity Purpose 1 Improved Agriculture Productivity
Indicator /- BL Yr2 Tar Yr3 Tar Yr4 Tar  
of farmers who used a project-defined minimum of sustainable agriculture practices in the past 12 months () 300 - - 850  
of stakeholders implementing risk-reducing practices to improve resilience to climate change as a result of USG (FFP) assistance () 200 250 300 400  
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Cross Walking ME with the EMMP

• First, identify sub-purposes in the LogFrame that
  have an environmental component.
• Then, compare sub-purposes with analysis
  conducted in the EMMP.
• Next, reflect the environmental aspects in the
  IPTT indicators, where practicable.
• OK, how?
• OK, how???

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LogFrame
Narrative Summary Indicators Data Sources Assumptions
Goal
Project Purpose
Sub-purpose
Immediate Outcome
Output
Input
Typically the Sub-Purpose level contains enough
details to identify environmental impacts.
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First, lets identify sub-purposes in the
LogFrame with an environmental component
Illustrative Sub-Purposes EMMP Issues
Communal assets protected from shocks ??????
Nutrient-rich diet increased ??????
Water and sanitation improved ??????
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Then, compare sub-purposes with analyses
conducted in the EMMP
Illustrative Sub-Purposes EMMP Issues
Communal assets protected from shocks Roads Erosion, Wash Out, Encroaching on Forested Protected Areas (bush meat, ag area expansion)
Nutrient-rich diet increased Nutrition/Health Biomass Energy/Fuel Efficient Stoves, Fumigation Pesticides
Water and sanitation improved Water Poor Well/Latrine Construction, Water Contamination, Ground Water Drying, Poor OM
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• What does it mean in practice to reflect the
  environmental aspects in the IPTT indicators??

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What are types of environmental indicators?

• As for Gender, we have two types
• Stand-Alone Indicator.
• Integration Indicator.

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Purpose of Stand-Alone Indicator?

• Stand-Alone Environmental Indicators
• To measure progress towards planned project
  environmental results, throughout the life of the
  activity.
• e.g., For Climate Change and Natural Resources
  Management
• But this alone is not enough

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Purpose of Integration Indicators?

• Environmental Integration Indicators
• To measure progress towards planned project
  results while incorporating environmental
  mitigation measures, throughout the life of the
  activity.
• e.g., For Irrigation, Roads, Water, Sanitation,
  etc.
• A typical FFP project, will have more of the
  Integration type of environmentally-sensitive
  indicator, than the Stand-Alone.

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• What are some examples of activities in FFP
  Madagascar projects that have potential for
  unintended environmental impacts?

PVO Climate Change Cookstoves Ag/NRM/Pesticides WASH Irrigation
CRS X X X X X
ADRA X X X X
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What are examples of these two types of
Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators?

• Stand-Alone Indicator
• e.g., Climate Change, NRM, Cookstoves
• Integration Indicator
• e.g., Water, Sanitation, Agriculture, Roads,
  Irrigation

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Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator Climate
Change Programming
Climate Change Adaptation (SPS 4.8.2-26)
Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to
adapt to impacts of climate change as a result of
USG assistance

• Stakeholders with increased capacity include
• Implementing risk-reducing practices/actions to
  improve resilience to climate change 
• Using climate information in their decision
  making 

USAID GCC Indicator Handbook (2012) http//www.usa
id.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/GCC_Indi
cator_Handbook_Definition_Sheets_2012.pdf
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Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator Natural
Resources Management (NRM)
NRM (SPS 4.5.2-2) Number of hectares under
improved technologies or management practices as
a result of USG assistance
Measuring Natural Resources Management (NRM) and
Climate Change Adaptability under Feed the Future
(FtF) Definition of Technologies is quite
broad pest management, soil fertility,
irrigation, water management, climate
sensitivity, etc. food security strategies
must address sustainable intensification...
Environmental degradation and climate change are
critical cross-cutting issues that can affect the
sustainability of Feed the Future investments
USAID Feed the Future Indicator Handbook, V.7
http//feedthefuture.gov/sites/default/files/reso
urce/files/Volume7_FTFNRM.pdf
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Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator Fuelwood
Needs for Commodity Cooking

• Monitoring is essential for Fuel-Efficient Stoves
  (FES) due to cultural barriers and low adoption
  rates.
• Indicators
• of respondents reporting they prefer the new
  FES stove to their traditional 
• Amount of fuel or time saved by improved
  practices

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What are examples of these two types of
Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators?

• Stand-Alone Indicator
• e.g., Climate Change, NRM, Cookstoves
• Integration Indicator
• Terminology Environmental Integration or
  Greening of the Indicator
• e.g., Water, Sanitation, Agriculture, Roads,
  Irrigation

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Cross Walking IPTT with the EMMP
Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan (EMMP)
Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT)
Greening of existing IPTT Indicators by cross
referencing the EMMP!
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Some FFP Indicators Targeted for Integration

• Nine Illustrative Indicators for Greening

Indicator SPS Location Indicator Title
16 4.5.2-5 of farmers who have applied new technologies or management practices
21 N/A of farmers who used sustainable agriculture practices in the past 12 months
24 N/A of farmers who used improved storage practices in the past 12 months
26 4.5.1-17 Km of roads improved or rehabilitated
48 ( 55) 3.1.8.1-1 of HH using an improved drinking water source
49 ( 56) 3.1.8.2-1 of HH using an improved sanitation facility
51 3.1.6.8-2 of HH in target areas practicing correction use of recommended HH water treatment technologies
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Environmental Integration Indicator Drinking
Water

• Simple Environment Integration in a Standard
  Indicator
• For a Drinking Water Result Measured by the FFP
  Standard Indicator 40,
• of HH using an improved drinking water source
• Ensure environmental integration by implementing
  in accordance with existing project EMMP analysis

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People are using, but this may not be what we
mean by an improved drinking water source
In addition to the WHO-UNICEF JMP definition in
the PIRS, the EMMP unpacks the project-specifics
of what is meant by an improved water source
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FFP Indicators Targeted for Integration

• Which words in indicator title can be adapted by
  EMMP?

Indicator SPS Location Indicator Title
16 4.5.2-5 of farmers who have applied new technologies or management practices
21 N/A of farmers who used sustainable agriculture practices in the past 12 months
24 N/A of farmers who used improved storage practices in the past 12 months
26 4.5.1-17 Km of roads improved or rehabilitated
48 ( 55) 3.1.8.1-1 of HH using an improved drinking water source
49 ( 56) 3.1.8.2-1 of HH using an improved sanitation facility
51 3.1.6.8-2 of HH in target areas practicing correct use of recommended HH water treatment technologies
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Report on Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators in
the ESRs and IPTT
Report on Indicators in the annual Environmental
Status Report (ESR) to inform PREP and the IPTT
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Case Study Go Green in Madagascar

• Review and discussion, if time allows

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CASE Study Environmental monitoring, Go Green
Strategy (GGS)

• Program CRS Madagascar, Title II, SALOHI Program
• Objective GGS is an approach to where PVO and
  community members adopt an environmental reflex
  for project activities
• Approach Tailored EMMP Yes/No Scorecards Ranked
  Red, Yellow, Green Monitored Monthly, Reported
  in IPTT as
• communities with green status in GGS
• Purpose Compare results between communities to
  monitor progress, and where to focus more effort

Took environmental compliance beyond the dry
rules and regulations to permit understanding
underlying values behind USAIDs environmental
policy.

-SALOHI COP
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Key Lessons Learned in GGS

• Field Agents originally found that the scorecard
  was too cumbersome with data entry, therefore
  changed collection method to Recall.
• Posting the GGS in the communities was critical,
  so they understand what theyd be scored on
• Competition between community members within one
  region was very effective incentive (Prize of 100
  Fruit Trees!)

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Value of the GGS in SALOHI

• for field agents and community to know what
  green communities look like, and for
  communities to practice trash/ compost pits,
  cyclone proof housing of local materials,
  protected water and forest resources available
  for food and firewood today, and in the
  future. -SALOHI COP

GGS Contacts Jennifer Peterson, SALOHI COP,
Jennifer.Peterson_at_crs.org and Zoely Ramanase,
SALOHI Environmental Coordinator,
zoeli.ramanase_at_blueline.mg
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Session Results

• Discussed two types of USAID recommended
  environmentally-sensitive indicators.
• Stand-Alone Environmental Indicators and
  Environmental Integration Indicators
• Identified opportunities for greening the
  project results frameworks and indicator systems.
• Cross Walk your IPTT with EMMP!
• Learned about Mission approaches for
  environmental monitoring.
• Mission Madagascar Processes

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For more information contact
Dr. Erika Clesceri Bureau Environmental
Officer USAID, Bureau for Democracy Conflict and
Humanitarian Assistance eclesceri_at_usaid.gov
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Guidance for greening results and indicator
frameworks
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Environmental and Sustainability Indicator
Guidance

• Green Recovery and Reconstruction (GRRT)
• UNHCR / CARE International FRAME Project

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Green Recovery and Reconstruction Toolkit (GRRT),
WWF Red Cross

• Modules
• Opportunities for Green Recovery and
  Reconstruction An Introduction
• Project Design, Monitoring and Evaluation
• Environmental Impact Assessment Tools and
  Techniques
• Strategic Site Selection and Development
• Materials and the Supply Chain
• Construction
• Water and Sanitation
• Livelihoods
• Disaster Risk Reduction
• Organizational Operations

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Project Design, Monitoring and Evaluation
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FRAME PROJECT
UNHCR Environmental Indicator Framework

• Recognised gaps in available tools
• Needed innovative and appropriate approaches
• Needed an approach which addressed the whole
  cycle of programme management
• Needed a system which could reach across all
  sectors
• Wanted a product that could be used by different
  stakeholders and is capable of being adapted for
  different situations

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EXAMPLE OF A FRAME SCORE CARD
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USAID Sector Environmental Guidelines
New!