Title: GENDER
1GENDER CLIMATE CHANGE
- Gender as a Crosscutting Issue in Climate Change
Adaptation - Lucy Wanjiru Khamarunga Banda
- Presented
- 1-3 June, 2009
- Kingston Jamaica
2Overview
- Overview of UNDP
- UNDP has a mandate to mainstream Gender Equality
and Womens Empowerment in all programmes and
projects. - The UNDP Gender Team works to uphold this
mandate facilitating inclusive development,
catalysing the achievement of the Millennium
Development Goals.
3Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA)
- Integrate a gender perspective into policy and
decision making in order to ensure that the UN
mandates on gender equality are fully
implemented. - Ensure that financing mechanisms on mitigation
and adaptation address the needs of poor women
and men equitably. - Build capacity at all levels to design and
implement gender-responsive climate change
policies, strategies and programmes. - Develop, compile, and share practical tools,
information, and methodologies to facilitate the
integration of gender into policy and programming.
4Gender defined
- When you hear Gender what comes to mind???
5Defining Gender
- Gender mostly confused with sex
- Sex is the biological characteristics pertaining
to males and females. - Gender is a cultural, social construct that
assigns status and roles to males and females. - The status and roles associated with gender
create differences between males and females that
can result in inequality. - Gender roles are learnt we learn to be a boy or
girl - Women thoughts
- Gender is also an analytical tool for
understanding social processes and aiding
sustainable development practices fro example
use in CBA
6Gender Approaches
- Women-in-Development (WID) practical needs
- Aims at integrating a women perspective into
existing development processes in order to
counteract the exclusion of women (special
projects, increase their productive incomes
ease household chores) - Gender and development (GAD) strategic needs)
aims for empowerment - Approach on relationships between men and women
addresses power relations aims at equity/equality
and Sustainable development - Though in practices sometimes no fixed lines of
demarcation
7QUIZ
- Introduction Global perspective
- QUIZ
8SETTING THE STAGE
9- What percentage of the worlds 1.3 billion people
living in extreme poverty are women and girls? - a. 50 b. 60 c. 70d. 80
Sources UNFPA 2008. State of World Population
2008 and The Global Gender Gap Report 2008
10Answer c. 60
11- What percentage of the worlds working hours are
worked by women? - a. 33 b. 50 c. 66
Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
12Answer c. 66
13- What percentage of property worldwide is owned by
women? - 1
- 5
- 10
- 25
Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
14Answer a.1
15- What percentage of parliamentary seats worldwide
are held by women? - a. 10 b. 17 c. 25 d. 50
Source Social Watch Gender Equity Index, 2008
16Answer b. 17
17- What per cent of the 876 million illiterate
adults are men? - 10
- 75
- 40
- 25
Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
18Answer d. 25 are men and 75 are women
19- What percentage of women worldwide are homeless
or live in inadequate dwellings, such as slums? - a. 20b. 25 c. 33 d. 50
Sources OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development
Goals Gender Quiz
20Answer d. 33
21- In a sample of 141 countries over the period
1981 to 2002 it was found that, natural disasters
(and their subsequent impact) on average - Kill more men than women
- Kill the same amount of women and men
- Kill more women than men
Source Neumayer and Plümper, 2007
22- Answer
- c. natural disasters on average kill more women
than men or kill women at an earlier age than men
23- Gender equality can promote
- Poverty eradication
- Sustainable development
- Reduce the risk of disasters
- Increase family income
- All of the above
24Answer e. All of the above
25Gender
- Gender is a social construct
- If a social construct it can also be
deconstructed - If gender is mainstreamed in the CBA projects
this also offers a chance for deconstruction
towards a more equitable society SD outcomes - Bird cannot fly well with one wing
- Nothing for us without us
26Positioning Gender in CBA
Men Women/boys Girls in a development
process (culture, Values in production and
reproduction organizational process (who has
access, control of resources, decision making)
meet first seek first etc COMMUNITY
CBA
27Why Gender in CBA?
- Ability to mainstream gender in CBA -
Differentiated Impacts - Women have less access to resources that would
enhance their capacity to adapt to climate
changeincluding land, credit, education etc.
making them vulnerable - Vulnerability depends in large part on access to
resources and assets (physical, financial, human,
social, and natural) The more assets, the less
vulnerability - Gender inequality intersects with climate risks
and vulnerabilities - 2007 HDR - It is widely acknowledged that the negative
effects of climate change are likely to hit the
poor/poorest the most. 60 of the worlds
poorest one billion people are women and girls.
(UNFPA 2008. State of World Population 2008)
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29Why Gender in CBA?
- Different Roles
- Women have a fundamental role as primary managers
of the environment - Women meet 90 per cent of household water and
fuel needs in Africa. In arid areas they spend up
to 8 hrs a day in search of water. - They are active in production activities such as
forests, fisheries, and in agriculture women
produce up to 80 per cent in Africa, 60 per cent
in Asia, 30 - 40 per cent in Latin America. - This is a sector that is highly exposed to the
risks that come with drought and floods.
30Why Gender in Development Projects
- The human rights perspective
- Women have as much right to participate in the
production of knowledge in Africa, and right to
be part of that knowledge - The power to know and power to have ones
knowledge influence mainstream knowledge should
be considered as part of human rights - Global development of technology and finance has
been based on what is termed as a sexist
definition - We cannot afford to waste human resource right
to intellectual input in re-conceptualizing new
future development models - Environmental rational
- Women have knowledge, users and consumers of
environmental products, active caretakers need
cleaner efficient technologies - The economic rationale
- The intellectual and labor input of men and women
in important to realize meaningful" development - Women projects are on the average sustainable
31Evidence . Gender mainstreaming improves CBA
Projects
- Involving women in management of water projects
increases efficiency - Womens Indigenous knowledge used in Conservation
of forests - Green Belt movement - A recent report on micro finance in Peru
indicated that in the current global financial
crisis, women running micro-businesses are doing
a better job at withstanding the negative effects - Improved Response to disaster risk response
Honduras -
32Women bear greater responsibilities for crop and
food production preparation in developing world
- Women are more susceptible to the impacts of
climate change, as they must adapt to declining
water supplies, climate variability, natural
disasters, pest outbreaks, changing precipitation
patterns and other impacts of climate change on
crop production.
33Gender realities in Africa
- The whole Picture rural Africa
- Women is in a subordinate position
- Lives in household, community and society where
gender inequality/ is more or less pervasive - Her labor is less considered, less valuable than
that of her husband - Decisions about finance and investment are not
made by her in new appliances, land use, her
mobility and what crops to plant - Her voice on policies is less heard/ her ideas
not well articulated e.g. government position on
issues that affect her too - Her time
- Has less education, less access to credit, land,
and power
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34Gendered realities in Africa!
- She also has other responsibilities e.g. fetching
water, grinding grain etc. and childcare - She is also cooking on smoky fires that may cause
lung disease - 2.4 million still use traditional biomass (agric.
Residue, cow-dung wood) cooking heating - 1.6 billion have no access to electricity UNDP
claims the numbers are increasing in absolute
terms and not decreasing - E.g. IEA reports show projected trends of
increase of biomass from 646 million (2002) to
996 million (2030) - The burden is on women!
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35Gender the Missing link??
- Absent from decision making processes
- Institutional absence if present not vocal
- Semantic absence
- Financial absence
- Information related absent
- Gender low priority or dismissed
36CBA PROJECT
37Why Involvement of women and men
- Efficiency
- Equity
- Sustainability
- Ubuuntu linkage and women/man man/man humans/
environment (essence of being humans living
within a environment - (women have the will for accomplishment outpace
themselves in most projects in Africa)
38Tools and methodologies
- Gender tools are not isolated entities.
- They are not viewed as specific products but as
part of a process. - They are flexible, and build on, and strengthen
existing local knowledge, structures and
institutions - Enhance socio-economic benefits, gender
equality/equity, and improve livelihoods. - Sustainable continually promote learning and
innovation
39Monitoring and Evaluation
- Gender lens
- Does the project include specific, measurable
actions and deliverables related to gender
mainstreaming, gender equality and womens
empowerment? - Has the project/programme assessed potential for
contributing to gender equality and womens
empowerment through planned activities? - Has sex-disaggregated baseline data been
collected? - Has the project/programme assessed the potential
for contributing to gender equality and womens
empowerment through planned activities? - Have gender specialists or representatives from
women's stakeholders groups participated in all
steps of the programme or project cycle? - Have all possible steps been taken to ensure
gender equity in the recruitment of project staff
and consultants?
40Adopting Gender Approach for holistic Sustainable
Development
- How can we market/demystify gender issues in
development to - a) development practitioners?
- b) community members?
41- Thank you for listening!!!
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