GENDER

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GENDER CLIMATE CHANGE

• Gender as a Crosscutting Issue in Climate Change
  Adaptation
• Lucy Wanjiru Khamarunga Banda
• Presented
• 1-3 June, 2009
• Kingston Jamaica

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Overview

• Overview of UNDP
• UNDP has a mandate to mainstream Gender Equality
  and Womens Empowerment in all programmes and
  projects.
• The UNDP Gender Team works to uphold this
  mandate facilitating inclusive development,
  catalysing the achievement of the Millennium
  Development Goals.

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Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA)

• Integrate a gender perspective into policy and
  decision making in order to ensure that the UN
  mandates on gender equality are fully
  implemented.
• Ensure that financing mechanisms on mitigation
  and adaptation address the needs of poor women
  and men equitably.
• Build capacity at all levels to design and
  implement gender-responsive climate change
  policies, strategies and programmes.
• Develop, compile, and share practical tools,
  information, and methodologies to facilitate the
  integration of gender into policy and programming.

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Gender defined

• When you hear Gender what comes to mind???

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Defining Gender

• Gender mostly confused with sex
• Sex is the biological characteristics pertaining
  to males and females.
• Gender is a cultural, social construct that
  assigns status and roles to males and females.
• The status and roles associated with gender
  create differences between males and females that
  can result in inequality.
• Gender roles are learnt we learn to be a boy or
  girl
• Women thoughts
• Gender is also an analytical tool for
  understanding social processes and aiding
  sustainable development practices fro example
  use in CBA

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Gender Approaches

• Women-in-Development (WID) practical needs
• Aims at integrating a women perspective into
  existing development processes in order to
  counteract the exclusion of women (special
  projects, increase their productive incomes
  ease household chores)
• Gender and development (GAD) strategic needs)
  aims for empowerment
• Approach on relationships between men and women
  addresses power relations aims at equity/equality
  and Sustainable development
• Though in practices sometimes no fixed lines of
  demarcation

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QUIZ

• Introduction Global perspective
• QUIZ

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SETTING THE STAGE
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• What percentage of the worlds 1.3 billion people
  living in extreme poverty are women and girls?
• a. 50 b. 60 c. 70d. 80

Sources UNFPA 2008. State of World Population
2008 and The Global Gender Gap Report 2008
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Answer c. 60
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• What percentage of the worlds working hours are
  worked by women?
• a. 33 b. 50 c. 66

Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
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Answer c. 66
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• What percentage of property worldwide is owned by
  women?
• 1
• 5
• 10
• 25

Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
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Answer a.1
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• What percentage of parliamentary seats worldwide
  are held by women?
• a. 10 b. 17 c. 25 d. 50

Source Social Watch Gender Equity Index, 2008
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Answer b. 17
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• What per cent of the 876 million illiterate
  adults are men?
• 10
• 75
• 40
• 25

Source OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development Goals
Gender Quiz
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Answer d. 25 are men and 75 are women
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• What percentage of women worldwide are homeless
  or live in inadequate dwellings, such as slums?
• a. 20b. 25 c. 33 d. 50

Sources OXFAM, 2007 Millennium Development
Goals Gender Quiz
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Answer d. 33
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• In a sample of 141 countries over the period
  1981 to 2002 it was found that, natural disasters
  (and their subsequent impact) on average
• Kill more men than women
• Kill the same amount of women and men
• Kill more women than men

Source Neumayer and Plümper, 2007
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• Answer
• c. natural disasters on average kill more women
  than men or kill women at an earlier age than men

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• Gender equality can promote
• Poverty eradication
• Sustainable development
• Reduce the risk of disasters
• Increase family income
• All of the above

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Answer e. All of the above
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Gender

• Gender is a social construct
• If a social construct it can also be
  deconstructed
• If gender is mainstreamed in the CBA projects
  this also offers a chance for deconstruction
  towards a more equitable society SD outcomes
• Bird cannot fly well with one wing
• Nothing for us without us

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Positioning Gender in CBA

• Climatic Impacts

Men Women/boys Girls in a development
process (culture, Values in production and
reproduction organizational process (who has
access, control of resources, decision making)
meet first seek first etc COMMUNITY
CBA
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Why Gender in CBA?

• Ability to mainstream gender in CBA -
  Differentiated Impacts
• Women have less access to resources that would
  enhance their capacity to adapt to climate
  changeincluding land, credit, education etc.
  making them vulnerable
• Vulnerability depends in large part on access to
  resources and assets (physical, financial, human,
  social, and natural) The more assets, the less
  vulnerability
• Gender inequality intersects with climate risks
  and vulnerabilities - 2007 HDR
• It is widely acknowledged that the negative
  effects of climate change are likely to hit the
  poor/poorest the most. 60 of the worlds
  poorest one billion people are women and girls.
  (UNFPA 2008. State of World Population 2008)

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Why Gender in CBA?

• Different Roles
• Women have a fundamental role as primary managers
  of the environment
• Women meet 90 per cent of household water and
  fuel needs in Africa. In arid areas they spend up
  to 8 hrs a day in search of water.
• They are active in production activities such as
  forests, fisheries, and in agriculture women
  produce up to 80 per cent in Africa, 60 per cent
  in Asia, 30 - 40 per cent in Latin America.
• This is a sector that is highly exposed to the
  risks that come with drought and floods.

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Why Gender in Development Projects

• The human rights perspective
• Women have as much right to participate in the
  production of knowledge in Africa, and right to
  be part of that knowledge
• The power to know and power to have ones
  knowledge influence mainstream knowledge should
  be considered as part of human rights
• Global development of technology and finance has
  been based on what is termed as a sexist
  definition
• We cannot afford to waste human resource right
  to intellectual input in re-conceptualizing new
  future development models
• Environmental rational
• Women have knowledge, users and consumers of
  environmental products, active caretakers need
  cleaner efficient technologies
• The economic rationale
• The intellectual and labor input of men and women
  in important to realize meaningful" development
• Women projects are on the average sustainable

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Evidence . Gender mainstreaming improves CBA
Projects

• Involving women in management of water projects
  increases efficiency
• Womens Indigenous knowledge used in Conservation
  of forests - Green Belt movement
• A recent report on micro finance in Peru
  indicated that in the current global financial
  crisis, women running micro-businesses are doing
  a better job at withstanding the negative effects
• Improved Response to disaster risk response
  Honduras

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Women bear greater responsibilities for crop and
food production preparation in developing world

• Women are more susceptible to the impacts of
  climate change, as they must adapt to declining
  water supplies, climate variability, natural
  disasters, pest outbreaks, changing precipitation
  patterns and other impacts of climate change on
  crop production.

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Gender realities in Africa

• The whole Picture rural Africa
• Women is in a subordinate position
• Lives in household, community and society where
  gender inequality/ is more or less pervasive
• Her labor is less considered, less valuable than
  that of her husband
• Decisions about finance and investment are not
  made by her in new appliances, land use, her
  mobility and what crops to plant
• Her voice on policies is less heard/ her ideas
  not well articulated e.g. government position on
  issues that affect her too
• Her time
• Has less education, less access to credit, land,
  and power

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Gendered realities in Africa!

• She also has other responsibilities e.g. fetching
  water, grinding grain etc. and childcare
• She is also cooking on smoky fires that may cause
  lung disease
• 2.4 million still use traditional biomass (agric.
  Residue, cow-dung wood) cooking heating
• 1.6 billion have no access to electricity UNDP
  claims the numbers are increasing in absolute
  terms and not decreasing
• E.g. IEA reports show projected trends of
  increase of biomass from 646 million (2002) to
  996 million (2030)
• The burden is on women!

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Gender the Missing link??

• Absent from decision making processes
• Institutional absence if present not vocal
• Semantic absence
• Financial absence
• Information related absent
• Gender low priority or dismissed

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CBA PROJECT
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Why Involvement of women and men

• Efficiency
• Equity
• Sustainability
• Ubuuntu linkage and women/man man/man humans/
  environment (essence of being humans living
  within a environment
• (women have the will for accomplishment outpace
  themselves in most projects in Africa)

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Tools and methodologies

• Gender tools are not isolated entities.
• They are not viewed as specific products but as
  part of a process.
• They are flexible, and build on, and strengthen
  existing local knowledge, structures and
  institutions
• Enhance socio-economic benefits, gender
  equality/equity, and improve livelihoods.
• Sustainable continually promote learning and
  innovation

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Monitoring and Evaluation

• Gender lens
• Does the project include specific, measurable
  actions and deliverables related to gender
  mainstreaming, gender equality and womens
  empowerment?
• Has the project/programme assessed potential for
  contributing to gender equality and womens
  empowerment through planned activities?
• Has sex-disaggregated baseline data been
  collected?
• Has the project/programme assessed the potential
  for contributing to gender equality and womens
  empowerment through planned activities?
• Have gender specialists or representatives from
  women's stakeholders groups participated in all
  steps of the programme or project cycle?
• Have all possible steps been taken to ensure
  gender equity in the recruitment of project staff
  and consultants?

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Adopting Gender Approach for holistic Sustainable
Development

• How can we market/demystify gender issues in
  development to
• a) development practitioners?
• b) community members?

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• Thank you for listening!!!

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