Leadership is the focus of most of the other areas of organizational behavior

1
Introduction

• Leadership is the focus of most of the other
  areas of organizational behavior

2
Joseph Campbell George Lucas

• Lucas had read The Hero with a Thousand Faces
  while working on the script of the first of the
  Star Wars movies, and had gone on to read the
  Masks of God and other writings. When Star Wars
  debuted in 1977, it followed the Hero very
  closely.

3
Monomyth

• This fundamental structure contains a number of
  stages, which include
• (1) a call to adventure, which the hero has to
  accept or decline,
• (2) a road of trials, regarding which the hero
  succeeds or fails,
• (3) achieving the goal or "boon," which often
  results in important self-knowledge,
• (4) a return to the ordinary world, again as to
  which the hero can succeed or fail, and finally,
• (5) application of the boon in which what the
  hero has gained can be used to improve the world.

4
What is Leadership?

• Has been controversial in terms of its definition
• Leadership does remain pretty much of a black
  box, or unexplainable concept.

5
One thing everyone can agree on

• Leadership DOES make a difference

6
What is Leadership? Continued

• Characteristics of managers versus leaders

7
Historically Important Studies on Leadership -
Iowa

• Iowa leadership studies
• Designed primarily to examine patterns of
  aggressive behavior
• Used scientific methodology
• Demonstrated that different styles of leadership
  can produce different reactions from the same or
  similar groups
• Laissez faire led group produced the greatest
  number of aggressive acts

8
Historically Important Studies on Leadership
Ohio State

• Ohio State leadership studies
• Started with the premise that no satisfactory
  definition of leadership existed
• The first study to point out and emphasize the
  importance of both task and human dimensions in
  assessing leadership

9
Historically Important Studies on Leadership -
Michigan

• Early Michigan leadership studies
• Showed that supervisors of high producing groups
  were more likely to have employee-centered and
  general supervisory styles.
• Showed that low producing groups had supervisors
  with task-oriented and close supervisory styles.

10
Traditional Theories of Leadership

• Trait theories of leadership originally based
  on intelligence, now
• Five-factor model Big Five personality traits
  (extraversion has highest correlation)
• From traits to states and skills development
• Focused on skill development besides traits
• Optimism, hope, resilience, EI, and self-efficacy

11
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Group and exchange theories of leadership
• Followers impact on leaders
• Leader-member exchange (LMX) model (rewards vs.
  costs)

12
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Three domains of leadership
• Leader-based
• Follower-based
• Relationship-based

13
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Contingency theory of leadership
• Fielders contingency model of leadership
  effectiveness
• Leader-member relationship
• Degree of task structure
• Leaders position power

14
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Fielders contingency model of leadership
  effectiveness (continued)

15
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Contingency theory of leadership (continued)
• Research support for the contingency model
• Methodologically sound validation studies have on
  the whole provided substantial support for the
  theory
• Fielders contingency theory in perspective
• First highly visible leadership theory
• Emphasized the importance of both the situation
  and characteristics
• Stimulated a great deal of research

16
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Path-goal leadership theory
• Directive leadership
• Supportive leadership
• Participative leadership
• Achievement-oriented leadership

17
Traditional Theories of Leadership
Continued

• Path-goal leadership theory (continued)

18
Modern Theoretical Processes of Leadership

• Charismatic leadership theories

19
Modern Theoretical Processes of Leadership
Continued

• Transformational leadership theory

20
Modern Theoretical Processes of Leadership
Continued

• Social cognitive approach (reciprocal and
  continuous)

21
Modern Theoretical Processes of Leadership
Continued

• Authentic leadership

22
Modern Theoretical Processes of Leadership
Continued

• Leadership across cultures
• Personal Values
• Backgrounds of the managers
• Interpersonal skills